(mo-definition PW--0000405 ""Release of neurotrasmitters is mediated through the exocytosis of neurotrasnmiter-filled synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicle trafficking cycle is composed of a number of steps that culminate in calcium-triggered fusion and release." [PubMed:PMID: 10488439; PMID: 15217342 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (mo-definition PW--0000486 ""Antigen processing and prsentation by MHC class I molecules primarily involves peptides derived from endogenous, cytosolic proteins. " [PubMed:16181325 "Review article on MHC I pathway"]") (mo-definition PW--0000095 ""Those pathways of DNA damage response that occur during the G1 phase." [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board based on the information at the Reactome."]") (subclass PW--0000274 PW--0000272) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000103 "transport pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000036 ""Those metabolic reactions involving nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds." [PW InHouse dictionary:PW InHouse dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial team."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000364 "altered leptin system pathway") (subclass PW--0000191 PW--0000157) (subclass PW--0000155 PW--0000010) (mo-definition PW--0000443 ""Those enxymatic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of catecholamines - chemical compounds derived from tyrosine. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are among the most abundant and are produced primarily from the adrenal medulla and the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system." [OneLook:www,onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Wikipedia"]") (mo-definition PW--0000203 ""A specific pathway for repair of double-strand breaks. Possibly constitutive, it is the most important pathways in mammalian cells and plays an important role in mitotically replicating cells." [PubMed:Cell, 2004, v. 117, 171-184. "Article published in Cell on the double-strand specific break repair pathways.", PubMed:PMID: 12947387 "Review article in Oncogene, 002"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000267 "fatal familial insomnia") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000221 "thioredoxin pathway") (subclass PW--0000293 PW--0000181) (mo-definition PW--0000028 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of alanine and aspartate - two non-essential amino acids required for the breakdown of glucose and proteins as well as for protein biosynthesis." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000296 "hypertrophic cardimyopathy") (mo-definition PW--0000313 ""A stress induced MAPK pathway that regulates an array of processes such as gene expression, cell migration, cytoskeletal organization, apoptosis." [PubMed :PMID: 15102441 "Review articel on the JNK MAPK pathway"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000123 "synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000020 ""Cardiovascular diseases represent a very broad spectrum of conditions that can also combine with diabetes and renal failure. " [InHouse:InHouse PW dictionary "A term compiled by the PW editorial team."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000251 "diterpenoid biosynthetic pathway") (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000502 PW--0000234) (subclass PW--0000005 PW--0000002) (subclass PW--0000284 PW--0000283) (subclass PW--0000177 PW--0000176) (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000405 PW--0000274) (subclass PW--0000170 PW--0000168) (subclass PW--0000452 PW--0000447) (mo-synonym PW--0000534 ""glycogenolysis " []") (subclass PW--0000027 PW--0000011) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000095 "G1/S DNA damage checkpoint pathway") (subclass PW--0000227 PW--0000125) (subclass PW--0000449 PW--0000447) (subclass PW--0000074 PW--0000011) (subclass PW--0000193 PW--0000146) (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000498 PW--0000482) (mo-definition PW--0000365 ""The melanocortin dependent system is involved in a diverse number of pathways such as pigmentation, steroidogenesis, sexual function, energy homeostasis. Its implication in energy homeostasis is of particular interest as alterations of this system have been associated with obesity." [PubMed:PMID: 12556347 ,PMID: 15189116 ,PMID: 11874690 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000548 "nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000541 "signaling pathways involving second messengers") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000455 "Excitatory synaptic transmission pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000247 ""SMAD independent TGF-beta signaling pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000534 ""Those metabolic reaction involved in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate. This is a three step, exergonic pathway" [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries; wikipedia"]") (subclass PW--0000215 PW--0000211) (mo-synonym PW--0000420 ""altered JNK signaling pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000160 "Ran family signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000248 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of steroids - any of a group of lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. They include progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), saponins, also some carcinogenic htdrocarbons." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's."]") (subclass PW--0000368 PW--0000209) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000345 "cerebral arterial diseases") (subclass PW--0000018 PW--0000014) (subclass PW--0000149 PW--0000147) (mo-synonym PW--0000172 ""SBMA" []") (subclass PW--0000351 PW--0000350) (mo-definition PW--0000064 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of propanoate - any salt or ester of propanoic or propionic acid." [OneLook, Online:www.onelook.com; http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch106-04/nomencla1.htm "Definition compiled from both OneLook and Google"]") (subclass PW--0000034 PW--0000033) (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000089 PW--0000086) (subclass PW--0000161 PW--0000146) (mo-synonym PW--0000161 ""GPI anchor biosynthesis" []") (subclass PW--0000339 PW--0000334) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000385 "G2/M DNA replication checkpoint pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000314 "calcium/calmodulin dependent signaling pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000395 ""altered dopaminergic pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000049 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of cysteine - a thiol group containing amino acid." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition PW--0000289 ""Those pathways of cell death that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of cell death, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." [PW:Inhouse "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (subclass PW--0000071 PW--0000011) (subclass PW--0000234 PW--0000023) (subclass PW--0000304 PW--0000095) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000288 "altered intrinsic apoptotic pathway") (subclass PW--0000533 PW--0000005) (subclass PW--0000379 PW--0000269) (subclass PW--0000427 PW--0000135) (mo-definition PW--0000046 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of inositol, a cyclic sugar alcohol occurring in a number of stereoisoforms." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000488 "antigen processing pathway") (subclass PW--0000166 PW--0000135) (subclass PW--0000255 PW--0000147) (mo-definition PW--0000108 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of caprolactam - a cyclic amide of caproic acid used to produce a type of nylon. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000254 "penicillins and cephalosporins biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000495 PW--0000168) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000510 "altered insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000402 PW--0000132) (subclass PW--0000236 PW--0000168) (subclass PW--0000108 PW--0000107) (mo-definition PW--0000484 ""Those lipoprotein metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant lipoprotein metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie several diseases." [In House:PW In House dictionary]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000034 "oxidative phosphorylation pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000094 ""Those pathways involved in the control of cell cycle progression as well as its precision and fidelity." [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board based on the information provided by the Reactome."]") (mo-definition PW--0000442 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of norepinephrine - a catecholamine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It acts as a hormone and a neurotransmitter." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Wikipedia"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000500 "tyrosine-derived hormone signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000378 PW--0000237) (mo-definition PW--0000315 ""Calcineurin - a calcium/calmodulin dependent serine/threonine phosphatase - plays important regulatory roles in cardiac muscle growth and differentiation, memory processes and apoptosis." [PuvMed:PMID: 15232210 , "Article in PubMed, Molecules and Cells"]") (mo-savedDateTime "19:04:2007 08:26") (mo-definition PW--0000295 ""an integrin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant integrin signaling pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases. An example is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that involves integrins and the synergy between integrins and growth factors. " [PubMed:PMID: 15276463 "Review articel in Cardiovascular Research, 2004."]") (subclass PW--0000365 PW--0000357) (subclass PW--0000083 PW--0000132) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000263 "altered regulatory pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000360 "the chronic hypoxic response - the hypoxia inducible factor - alpha pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000355 "homeostasis pathway") (instance Smo-definedSubset BinaryRelation) (mo-definition PW--0000179 ""An autosomal dominant condition that often leads to seizure and other neurological symptoms and that may be linked to deregulations in the mTOR signaling pathway." [PubMed:2004, v.29(1), 32-38. "Definition derived from an article in TIBS discussing the mTOR signaling pathway"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000398 ""Hcy metabolism" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000050 "arginine and proline metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000235 ""The adaptive immune response is an evolutionarily newer mechanism that involves gene rearrangements and generation of receptors,and thus provides a greater variability, specific recognition of foreign antigens, immunological memory of infection and pathogen-specific adaptor proteins. The adaptive response is responsible for autoimmunity, allergy and rejection of grafts." [PubMed:PMID: 11861602 "Review article"]") (mo-definition PW--0000474 ""The coagulation cascade is the series of events proceeding via either the tissue factor or the contact activation pathway and leading to the formation of fibrin clot. Coagulation and inflammatory pathways are connected in a cross talk. Impaired anticoagulation pathways affect this balanced dialog and lead to various conditions and infections." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's, Wikipedia"]") (mo-definition PW--0000025 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the energy-yielding, anaerobic conversion of glucose to simpler compounds and in the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as amino acids and fat." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000521 "1,2-dichloroethane degradation pathway") (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000092 PW--0000086) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000238 "insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000506 "endothelin signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000340 "altered Notch signaling pathway involving the main players") (mo-definition PW--0000403 ""Those pathways of amino acid metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant amino acid metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases." [InHouse :PW InHouse dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000383 "multispecific organic anion transporter mediated transport pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000494 "oxytocin signling pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000548 ""NMD pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000523 "linoleic acid metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000308 PW--0000279) (mo-definition PW--0000051 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of histidine, an essential amino acid which can act as either a proton donor or proton acceptor." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000534 "glycogen degradation pathway") (subclass PW--0000478 PW--0000477) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000475 "hemostasis pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000379 ""ER stress - UPR pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000113 PW--0000107) (subclass PW--0000345 PW--0000344) (mo-definition PW--0000495 ""Gas6, a vitamin K-dependent growth factor signals through the Axl subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors. The Gas6-Axl axis appears to be involved in growth and survival of various cell types as well as in tissue remodelling and regeneration. Deregulation of the axis is involved in a number of conditions, particularly renal." [Pubmed:PMID: 16285961 PMID: 11290560 ; PMID: 16362042 "Review articles in Pubmed"]") (mo-definition PW--0000106 ""The apoptotic pathway involving the death receptors mediated route of caspase activation." [PubMed:PMID: 14744432 "Article published in Cell"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000202 "homologous recombination pathway of double-strand break repair") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000457 "angiotensin III signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000416 ""A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with sentrin - a family of ubiquitin-like protein. Sentrinization does not target proteins to the proteasome, rather it targets proteins to particular cellular compartments." [PubMed:PMID: 10806345; 15808504 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000448 "neuropeptide Y metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000352 "altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway involving the macromolecules modifying the main players") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000357 "energy homeostasis pathway") (documentation PW--0000002 EnglishLanguage "The definition was compiled based on a number of available defintions in various dictionaries.") (subclass PW--0000137 PW--0000135) (subclass PW--0000482 PW--0000010) (mo-definition PW--0000425 ""High glucose-mediated oxidative stress effects on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor are thought to play a role in diabetic retinopathy" [PubMed:PMID: 16026270]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000225 "citrulline degradation pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000170 ""Members of the EGF/neuregulin superfamily are important regulators of tissue development and repair. A characteristic feature is the presence of the EGF module, a 36-40 amino acid sequence with a disulfide-bonded three loop structure necessary for receptor binding. " [MCW e-journal:J. Mol. Evolo.2000, v50, p397-412 "Review article on EGF receptors and ligands", PubMed:12814936 "Review article"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000167 "pantothenate and CoA biosynthetic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000189 ""Folate mediated one-carbon metabolism refers to the various metabolic reactions/pathways that use folate compounds to transfer one-carbon units for the biosynthesis of a number of biomolecules in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion." [PubMed:PMID: 15166809 ; PMID: 11001804; PMID: 15298442 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000223 "UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000201 "canonical Wnt signaling pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000542 ""5'AMP-activated protein kinase" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000154 "inositol phosphate metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000241 "schizophrenia pathway") (subclass PW--0000361 PW--0000356) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000514 "Interleukin signaling pathway via interleukin-6 family members") (subclass PW--0000425 PW--0000176) (subclass PW--0000426 PW--0000181) (mo-definition PW--0000386 ""A very close relative of Ras, Rap1 mediated pathway appears to control diverse processes such as modulation of growth and differentiation, secretion, integrin linked cell adhesion, morphogenesis." [PubMed :PMID: 11331911 "Review article"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000125 "G protein signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000461 PW--0000460) (subclass PW--0000049 PW--0000011) (subclass PW--0000058 PW--0000010) (subclass PW--0000054 PW--0000011) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000487 "major histocompatibility complex dlass II antigen presentation pathway") (subclass PW--0000544 PW--0000498) (subclass PW--0000273 PW--0000272) (subclass PW--0000392 PW--0000525) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000107 "xenobiotics biodegradation pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000117 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of fluorene - a colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon. It is obtained from coal tar and used in making dyes. Ir fluoresces, hence its name." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries."]") (mo-definition PW--0000373 ""The glutathione conjugation of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds represents a major pathway of cellular defense. The glutathione conjugates may either be excreted or undergo further processing." [MCW - book:QV 600 C335t 2001 "Casarett and Doull's toxicology : the basic science of poisons / editor, Curtis D. Klaassen"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000477 "natural anticoagulant pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000382 "multidrug resistance proteins mediated transport pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000252 "monoterpenoid biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000281 PW--0000426) (subclass PW--0000198 PW--0000312) (mo-definition PW--0000421 ""A mitogen activated protein kinase pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Altered MAAPK pathways have been linked to a spectrum of conditions. " [PW InHouse dictionary:InHouse "definition compiled by the PW editorial board"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000028 "alanine and aspartate metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000475 ""Hemostasis is the response to blood vessel injury to prevent blood loss via platelet mediated primary homeostasis and the secondary homeostasis of coagulation. The latter is a complex cascade which is triggered by the innate immune response and inflammation." [Various:PubMed, Wikipedia, Reactome]") (subclass PW--0000499 PW--0000236) (mo-definition PW--0000325 ""Those pathways involved in the degradation of proteins." [InHouse:InHouse PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000011 "amino acid metabolic pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000486 ""MHC class I antigen presentation pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000390 PW--0000389) (subclass PW--0000076 PW--0000011) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000264 "altered signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000463 "cytochrome P450 monooxygenase mediated pathway of arachdonic acid metabolism") (mo-definition PW--0000198 ""A SAPK MAPK pathway that plays an important role in inflammation and may be involved in several forms of cancer." [PubMed:PMID: 14570565 ; 15102355 . "Review articles on p38 pathway"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000326 "altered protein degradation pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000065 "butanoate metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000057 PW--0000033) (subclass PW--0000184 PW--0000147) (subclass PW--0000134 PW--0000132) (subclass PW--0000279 PW--0000276) (subclass PW--0000443 PW--0000436) (mo-definition PW--0000183 ""A protein degradation pathway that involves calcium-dependent proteases (e.g., calpains) ," [PubMed:2003, v. 285, f1-f8. "From a review article published in American Journal of Physiology, Renal Physiology"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000066 "C5-branched dibasic acid metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000358 PW--0000263) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000386 "Rap1 mediated signaling pathway") (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000091 PW--0000086) (mo-definition PW--0000273 ""A simpler pathway of neuron-to-neuron signaling involving the direct flow of ionic currents. It is a reciprocal pathway involving membrane-to-membrane apposition known as gap junction." [PubMed:Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, v27, p393-418. "Review article"]") (mo-definition PW--0000267 ""Fatal familial insomnia - an inherited prion disease, transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, affecting primarily the ventral and dorsomedial nuclei of the thalamus and characterized by progressive insomnia, hallucinations, stupor, and coma ending in death within 6 months to 3 years of onset; autonomic and motor disturbances are also present." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's."]") (mo-synonym PW--0000232 ""PI3K-Akt signaling pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000102 ""The RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway - a Ras activated protein kinase cascade - regulates diverse processes such as cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, in response to cytokines, hormones, growth factors." [PubMed:PMID: 15035987 "Adapted from an article in Cell"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000437 "amino acid neurotransmitter metabolic pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000546 ""mRNA surveillance pathways" []") (mo-definition PW--0000529 ""Angiotensin(1-7) is derived from angiotensin II through the action of angiotensin coverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) or from angiotensin I through the action of neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Angiotensin (1-7) signaling appears to have a vasodilatory effect but the exact action of this peptide in humans remains to be established," [PubMed:PMID: 15687842, PMID: 16520407, PMID: 15962175 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000301 "renal failure") (mo-definition PW--0000107 ""Those reactions involved in the uptake, transformation and disposal of chemical substances and compounds that are foreign to the biological system." [InHouse:InHouse PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial team"]") (mo-definition PW--0000254 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of penicillin and cephalosporins. The former is the best known antibiotic which blocks the cross linking reaction in peptidoglycan synthesis, thus destroying the bacterial cell wall. The latter represents a broad class of antibiotics similar to penicillin, both chemically and in mode of action." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000274 "neuron-to-neuron signaling pathway via the chemical synapse") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000008 "Wnt signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000247 "transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway - SMAD independent") (mo-definition PW--0000096 ""Those pathways that assure the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. The checkpoints control for damaged and unreplicated DNA." [InHouse :PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board based on the information at the Reactome."]") (subclass PW--0000126 PW--0000100) (mo-synonym PW--0000475 ""haemostasis pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000164 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of ganglioside - any of a group of glycosphingolipids in which the polar head group on ceramide is a sialic acid containing oligosaccharide linked via a glucose residue. They occur predominantly in tissues of the central nervous system. The most basic core structure is ceramide-glucose-galactose-N-acetylneuraminic acid." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's."]") (subclass PW--0000320 PW--0000147) (mo-synonym PW--0000422 ""altered SAPK pathways" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000539 "ghrelin system pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000550 ""Staufen-mediated mRNA decay pathway (SMD) is a rather novel pathway identified in mammals. Staufen (Stau)1 is thought to be involved in mRNA localization and it has recently been shown to be involved in mRNA decay. It shares some of the features of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway (NMD) but does not require components essential for NMD." [PubMed:PMID: 15933735; PMID: 15809649; PMID: 15680326 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000209 "JAK-STAT signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000473 PW--0000470) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000285 "altered heparan sulfate pathway") (subclass PW--0000028 PW--0000011) (mo-definition PW--0000343 ""An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the promoters of target gene(s)." [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (subclass PW--0000518 PW--0000517) (documentation Smo-inSubset EnglishLanguage "Declares a term/typedef to be in a subset.") (subclass PW--0000361 PW--0000358) (subclass PW--0000338 PW--0000333) (subclass PW--0000523 PW--0000058) (subclass PW--0000172 PW--0000173) (subclass PW--0000517 PW--0000020) (subclass PW--0000261 PW--0000059) (mo-definition PW--0000069 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation and synthesis of ketone bodies. The chemicals acetoacetate, acetone and beta-hydroxybutyrate are collectively known as ketone bodies, although only the first two are ketones. They provide energy during starvation or when not enough insulin is available to derive energy from the breakdown of glucose. Excessive accumulation of these acidic chemicals leads to dangerous diabetic conditions known as ketoacidosis." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000453 PW--0000248) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000228 "G protein signaling pathway via Gi family") (subclass PW--0000464 PW--0000485) (subclass PW--0000288 PW--0000287) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000290 "altered pathway of replication, gene expression and protein biosynthesis") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000230 "G protein signaling pathway via G12 and G13 family") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000218 "heme biosynthetic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000140 ""The folate cycle/metabolism represents the various reactions involving absorption, transport, conversion and utilization of f folate compounds. Folate is the generic term for a number of chemically related molecules of the water-soluble vitamin B family that transfer one-carbon units for a number of important biosynthetic pathways. " [PubMed:PMID: 15298442; 11001804; PMID: 15166809 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000544 "altered reverse cholesterol transport pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000449 "enkephalin metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000070 PW--0000248) (subclass PW--0000287 PW--0000009) (subclass PW--0000037 PW--0000033) (documentation EnglishLanguage "Represents the transitive property. (Typedefs only)") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000083 "D-alanine metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000239 PW--0000176) (mo-definition PW--0000259 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of clavulanic acid. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam antibiotic produced by a bacterium of the genus Streptomyces (S. clavuligerus) that is a beta-lactamase inhibitor and is usually used in the form of its clavulanate salt of potassium especially in combination with amoxicillin " [Internet:Google "Definition compiled from a number of Web sources."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000270 "presynaptic differentiation") (mo-definition PW--0000492 ""The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) generates a number of bioactive peptides with diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions. RAS exerts vasoconstriction, vasodilation or vascular remodeling, cell proliferation or anti-proliferation effects, depending on which angiotensin peptide generates the signaling. Some of these features are also shared by the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS); the two systems can interact and cross-talk. " [PubMed:PMID: 15883759 PMID: 15638741 , PMID: 12676165 , PMID: 12793984 , PMID: 16816138 "Several review articles."]") (subclass PW--0000545 PW--0000263) (mo-definition PW--0000021 ""Hypertension, high arterial blood pressure: various criteria for its threshold have been suggested, ranging from 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic to as high as 200 mm Hg systolic and 110 mm Hg diastolic. Hypertension may have no known cause (essential or idiopathic h.) or be associated with other primary diseases (secondary h.)." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000394 ""dopaminergic pathway" []") (documentation PW--0000027 EnglishLanguage "Definition compiled based on the information available for glutamate at OneLook") (subclass PW--0000366 PW--0000365) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000269 "protein folding pathway") (subclass PW--0000199 PW--0000008) (subclass PW--0000440 PW--0000047) (mo-definition PW--0000518 ""A pathway leading to the thickening of medium and large mscular arteries. While lipoprotein related pathways are of interest, monogenic conditions such as those limked to mutations in the laminin gene may also provide clues regarding atherosclerosis pathways." [PubMed:PMID: 15205220 "Article on laminopathies and atherosclerosis"]") (subclass PW--0000380 PW--0000378) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000399 "remethylation pathway of homocysteine metabolism - cobalamin dependent") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000012 "nucleotide metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000373 "glutathione conjugation pathway") (subclass PW--0000357 PW--0000355) (subclass PW--0000391 PW--0000264) (subclass PW--0000419 PW--0000103) (mo-definition PW--0000357 ""Those pathways involved in the balance between energy uptake and energy expenditure. Disturbance of this equilibrium has been linked to various forms of human obesity. " [PubMed:PMID: 15703762 , PMID: 11239410 "Review articles on obesity."]") (subclass PW--0000267 PW--0000019) (subclass PW--0000289 PW--0000263) (subclass PW--0000202 PW--0000131) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000381 "multidrug resistance-associated proteins mediated transport pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000320 "novobiocin biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000059 PW--0000003) (mo-definition PW--0000077 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of beta-alanine. Beta-alanine is an amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Since neuronal uptake and neuronal receptor sensitivity to beta-alanine have been demonstrated, the compound may be a false transmitter replacing GABA. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported" [Onelook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's medical dictionary"]") (subclass PW--0000056 PW--0000033) (subclass PW--0000066 PW--0000005) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000341 "altered Notch signaling pathway involving the macromolecules modifying the main players") (subclass PW--0000372 PW--0000371) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000047 "glycine, serine and threonine metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000186 PW--0000147) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000409 "dopamine metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000263 ""Those regulatory pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant regulatory pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases." [PW Dictionary:InHouse Dictionary "Definition compiled from many sources"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000401 "remethylation pathway of homocysteine metabolism - cobalamin independent, betaine dependent") (subclass PW--0000127 PW--0000100) (subclass PW--0000292 PW--0000099) (subclass PW--0000270 PW--0000261) (mo-definition PW--0000052 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of tyrosine - a nonessential amino acid produced from phenylalanine and precursor of thyroid hormones, catecholamines and melanin." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000072 PW--0000011) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000062 "ascorbate and aldarate metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000301 PW--0000300) (mo-definition PW--0000169 ""Nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling pathways control a variety of processes such as neuronal cell differentiation, axon growth. Members of the NGF family are best known for their anti-apoptotic role as mediators of neuronal cell survival." [PubMed:Neuron, 2004, v42, p897-912; Cellular Signaling, 2004, v16, p127-36. "Articles in PubMed"]") (subclass PW--0000287 PW--0000289) (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000474 PW--0000475) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000075 "phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000480 "protein C anticoagulant pathway") (subclass PW--0000156 PW--0000461) (subclass PW--0000535 PW--0000103) (mo-definition PW--0000022 ""Cardiomyopathy - a general diagnostic term designating primary noninflammatory disease of the heart muscle, often of obscure or unknown etiology and not the result of ischemic, hypertensive, congenital, valvular, or pericardial disease. It is usually subdivided into dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy (1). Cardiomyopathy is the deterioration of the cardiac muscle of the heart wall. Cardiomyopathies can generally be categorized into two groups: ischemic cardiomyopathy and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (2)." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition PW--0000013 ""Complex human diseases encompass a spectrum of genetic and environmental attributes that together affect the normal functioning of several molecular and cellular pathways. Their combined and accumulated effect is manifested in the anomalous phenotype of the conplex condition." [InHouse:InHouse PW dictionary]") (mo-synonym PW--0000508 ""primary hemostasis" []") (subclass PW--0000286 PW--0000332) (subclass PW--0000364 PW--0000363) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000217 "metabolic pathway of prosthetic groups, electron carriers and reductants") (mo-definition PW--0000451 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of beta-endorphine - a peptide neurotransmitter that may play a role in depression." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of articles"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000203 ""NHEJ pathway of double-strand break repair" []") (mo-definition PW--0000144 ""The pathway for the ATP-dependent non-lysosomal proteolysis catalyzed by the 26S proteasome and for which ubiquitylation, the post-translational covalent conjugation of ubiquitin to target proteins is a key signal." [PubMed:2001, v.27, 171-179. "Definition compiled based on a review article published in Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000237 "stress response pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000076 "pathway of urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups") (termFormat EnglishLanguage "Duplicated glutathione metabolism term") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000255 "beta-Lactam resistance pathway") (subclass PW--0000266 PW--0000019) (mo-definition PW--0000041 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of fructose, a ketohexose, and of mannose, an aldohexose." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000390 "altered Reelin signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000181 "pathways of protein folding, sorting, modification, degradation") (mo-definition PW--0000337 ""Selectins represent a small family of lectin-like adhesion receptors that mediate cell-cell interactions via calcium-dependent recognition of sialylated glycans. The exact role of this signaling pathway is not well known." [PubMed:PMID: "Review article"]") (subclass PW--0000390 PW--0000388) (subclass PW--0000152 PW--0000005) (mo-definition PW--0000519 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of DDT - a chlorinated organic insecticide and environmental pollutant, Altough banned in the U.S., it is still widely used in developing countries. " [KEGG:http://umbbd.msi.umn.edu/ddt/ddt_map.html "Adapted from the link at KEGG."]") (documentation EnglishLanguage "General comments on the ontology.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000323 "altered ephrin - ephrin receptor bidirectional signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000246 "Rheb mediated signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000092 "M phase") (subclass PW--0000064 PW--0000005) (subclass PW--0000547 PW--0000546) (subclass PW--0000240 PW--0000013) (mo-definition PW--0000076 ""The series of metabolic reactions, occurring in the liver, by which the ammonia derived from the breakdown of amino acids combines with carbon dioxide to form urea. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage "Duplicated Selenoamino acid metabolism term") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000349 "Alagille syndrome") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000193 "N-Glycan degradation pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000498 ""RCT pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000544 ""An impaired pathway of reverse cholesterol transport and efflux can pose a risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. This varies in severity and manifetation depending on which gene in the pathway is affected." [PubMed:PMID: 16258026 "Review article"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000411 "histamine metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000367 PW--0000264) (mo-definition PW--0000540 ""Obesity, usually defined as 2o% or more excess body weight, constitutes a major public health problem and an independent risk factor for a number of conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Deregulation of energy homeostasis, of various metabolisms, genetic and environmental aspects, all can contribute to the development of an obese state." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (documentation EnglishLanguage "Date/time of last edit and save.") (mo-synonym PW--0000519 ""DDT degradation pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000223 PW--0000211) (mo-definition PW--0000190 ""Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of porphyrin - any of a group of compounds containing the porphin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methylidyne bridges in a cyclic configuration, to which a variety of side chains may be attached - and chlorophyll - any of a group of green magnesium-containing porphyrin derivatives occurring in all photosynthetic organisms." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000526 "kallikrein-kinin system signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000078 PW--0000132) (documentation PW--0000005 EnglishLanguage "The definition was compiled using the Online Medical dictionary and the Stedman's medical dictionary available at OneLook") (subclass PW--0000219 PW--0000217) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000513 "Interleukin signaling pathway via interleukin-10 family members") (subclass PW--0000375 PW--0000124) (subclass PW--0000505 PW--0000502) (subclass PW--0000507 PW--0000468) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000097 "mitotic spindle checkpoint pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000278 ""A form of cell death involving the segregation of part of the cell's own cytoplasmic material within a membrane and its digestion after fusion of the segregated vacuole with a lysosome. " [Onelook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's"]") (mo-definition PW--0000011 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of the common amino acids." [In House:In House PW dictionary "Definition supplied by the PW editorial team."]") (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000087 PW--0000086) (mo-definition PW--0000002 ""The various, enzyme controlled, series of reactions allowing for the conversion of materials, energy availability and biodegradation of xenobiotics." [OneLook:http://www.onelook.com/ "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000532 PW--0000533) (mo-definition PW--0000225 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of citrulline - alpha-amino delta-carbamido normal valeric acid, Citrulline is made from ornithine in the urea cylce; it also is a by-product of nitric oxide synthase catalyzed reactions." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000229 "G protein signaling pathway via Gq family") (mo-definition PW--0000193 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of N-Glycans." [XPW InHouse Dictionary:InHouse Dictionary "PW InHouse dictionary"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000317 "nuclear factor of activated T-cells signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000392 PW--0000391) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000233 "tumor necrosis factor - R1 signaling pathways") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000020 "cardiovascular disease pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000306 ""Those pathways of galactose metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant galactose metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases. One example is the involvement of aberrant galactose catabolism in cancer. " [InHouse :PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (subclass PW--0000524 PW--0000157) (subclass PW--0000337 PW--0000332) (mo-synonym PW--0000013 ""complex human diseases" []") (subclass PW--0000422 PW--0000312) (subclass PW--0000359 PW--0000358) (subclass PW--0000509 PW--0000264) (mo-definition PW--0000322 ""Ephrins and their receptors constitute a bidirectional signaling pathway transducing forward signals through the receptors and reverse signals through the ephrins that influence the behavior of both interacting cells. The Eph/ephrin axis plays important roles in cell morphology, adhesion and migration. Its disruption has been implicated in several human cancers." [PubMed:PMID: 15093606 "Review article on ephrins and their receptors"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000499 ""NF-kB signaling pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000548 PW--0000546) (subclass PW--0000365 PW--0000467) (subclass PW--0000399 PW--0000398) (mo-synonym PW--0000442 ""noradrenaline metabolism" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000158 "Ras family signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000336 PW--0000264) (subclass PW--0000295 PW--0000336) (subclass PW--0000542 PW--0000003) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000064 "propanoate metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000359 PW--0000357) (mo-definition PW--0000105 ""Members of the Ras related Rho family of proteins control diverse processes such as actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, morphogenesis of dendritic spines." [PubMed:PMID: 11075828; PMID: 8973630 ""]") (mo-definition PW--0000045 ""A pathway of hexose oxidation in which glucose-6-phosphate undergoes two successive oxidations by NADP, the final one being an oxidative decarboxylation to form a pentose phosphate." [OneLook:www.oneloook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000543 ""cAMP-dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000002 "classic metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000233 PW--0000236) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000191 "keratan sulfate biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000139 "biotin metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000208 PW--0000174) (subclass PW--0000141 PW--0000135) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000253 "indole and ipecac alkaloid biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000546 "mRNA decay pathways") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000289 "altered cell death pathway") (instance part BinaryRelation) (documentation PW--0000006 EnglishLanguage "Numerous articles contributed to this definition, too many to cite independently.") (subclass PW--0000486 PW--0000235) (mo-definition PW--0000294 ""An ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrations in the pathway have been implicated in a number of diseases. Examples include certain malignancies, disorders of the immune and inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration." [PubMed:PMID: 14556719 "Review article in Neuron"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000281 "endocytic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000256 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides. Polyketides are a group of secondary metabolites made by microorganisms that possess a broad range of pharmacologically important activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antitumor." [Internet:http://linux1.nii.res.in/~pksdb/polyketide.html "Online information on polyketides"]") (mo-definition PW--0000546 ""The pathways of mRNA quality control thereby erroneous mRNA is degraded in the nucleus or cytoplasm, or normal mRNA accumulated in the nucleus is degraded." [PubMed:PMID: 15933735]") (mo-definition PW--0000014 ""Neurodegenerative diseases group together a number of conditions of various and many times poorly understood origins that are characterized by the progressive loss of particular neurons, the formation of particular structures such as plaques and fibrils, and protein aggregates. Proteosomal degradation, programmed cell death, oxidative stress, are among a number of pathways thought to be disrupted. " [inHouse:InHouse PW dictionary "Definition supplied by the PW editorial team"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000085 "pathways of replication, gene expression, protein biosynthesis") (mo-synonym PW--0000471 ""ANP signaling pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000512 "Interleukin mediated signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000326 PW--0000293) (domain Smo-definedSubset 2 Smo-Subset) (mo-synonym PW--0000317 ""NFAT signaling pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000319 ""A calcineurin signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant calcineurin pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases. One example is the role a constitutively active calcineurin plays in cardiac hypertrophy, via the NFAT pathway." [PubMed:PMID: 15276472 "Review article in Cardiovascular Research"]") (mo-definition PW--0000551 ""An mRNA decay pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. An aberrant mRNA decay pathway would lead to the translation of erroneous mRNA with potentailly serious consequences." [InHouse PW:InHouse PW "Definition compiled by the PW editorial team"]") (mo-definition PW--0000517 ""A pathway leading to a general orspecific artery occlusion." [MeSH:Medical Subject Headings]") (mo-definition PW--0000019 ""Prion disease - any of a group of fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormalities of prion protein metabolism, which may result from mutations in the prion protein gene or from infection with pathogenic isoforms of the protein. Characteristics include neuronal loss, gliosis, and extensive vacuolization of the cerebral cortex. Prion diseases may be sporadic, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, or acquired. Human diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strussler syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, and kuru" [OnerLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's."]") (mo-definition PW--0000241 ""Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness variously affecting behavior, thinking, and emotion. The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek words schizo, (split or divide) and phrenos, (mind) and is best translated as "shattered mind"." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Wikipedia"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000490 "transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway - SMAD dependent") (mo-synonym PW--0000416 ""sumoylation pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000116 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of carbazole - a crystalline, slightly basic cyclic compound found in anthracene. It reacts with carbohydrates and is used for assay and analysis of carbohydrates and in making dyes. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000532 "glycogen biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000245 "angiotensin signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000397 PW--0000135) (subclass PW--0000433 PW--0000432) (documentation EnglishLanguage "Version of OBO format.") (mo-definition PW--0000111 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, also known as lindane, used as an insecticide and suspected to be carcinogenic. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries."]") (subclass PW--0000369 PW--0000378) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000517 "arterial occlusive disease pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000243 ""The VEGF family of cytokines plays key roles in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Through their receptors VEGFs can initiate a diverse and complex network of signaling cascades. Deregulation of VEGFs mediated pathways, mostly through upregulation of VEGFs expression, has been implicated in a number of conditions, primarily cancer. " [OneLook, PubMed:PMID: 15563310; PMID: 15544039 "Review articles,"]") (subclass PW--0000146 PW--0000002) (documentation PW--0000003 EnglishLanguage "The definition was compiled based on a number of definitions available in various dictionaries.") (mo-definition PW--0000324 ""A Notch signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in a number of human cancers." [PubMed:PMID: 14988924, 15288257,PMID: 11549580. "Various articles on Notch signaling pathway and diseases"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000178 "neurological disorder pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000129 ""A major pathway of DNA repair, it involves a great number of enzymes necessary to recognize and remove bases modified in specific ways. Base excision may take place by either a single-nucleotide or a multiple-nucleotide replacement pathway. " [From Reactome:10583946 - given by Reactome "Definition based on the Reactome's description of the pathway"]") (mo-definition ""OBSOLETE. Originally found at KEGG, the term has since been deleted" [PW dictionary:InHouse dictionary "Decision of the PW editorial board"]") (subclass PW--0000329 PW--0000168) (mo-definition PW--0000448 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neuropeptide Y." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000457 PW--0000245) (subclass PW--0000203 PW--0000131) (domain Smo-inSubset 2 Smo-Subset) (subclass PW--0000118 PW--0000107) (subclass PW--0000051 PW--0000011) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000321 "altered Hedgehog signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000209 ""The JAK/STAT pathways involve signaling from cytokine or growth factor receptor(s) to the nucleus via Janus kinase (Jak) -signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) families of proteins. Deregulation of the pathway can lead to various conditions and diseases." [PubMed:14737178; 14668806; 12039028 "Articles in PubMed"]") (subclass PW--0000192 PW--0000146) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000533 "glycogen metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000423 PW--0000355) (subclass PW--0000342 PW--0000324) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000224 "N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmannosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid dissimilation pathway") (subclass PW--0000324 PW--0000204) (mo-definition PW--0000434 ""A pathway of protein modification via conjugation with ubiquitin. Ubiquitination is primarily involved in targeting protein to the proteasome for degradation. It is also involved in membrane protein trafficking." [PubMed:PMID: 10806345 "Review article in PubMed"]") (subclass PW--0000353 PW--0000350) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000112 "3-chloroacrylic acid degradation pathway") (subclass PW--0000263 PW--0000004) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000126 "RNA Polymerase I transcription pathway") (subclass PW--0000454 PW--0000453) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000033 "energy metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000444 ""Any of a number of indole derivatives containing an amine group." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000158 PW--0000006) (subclass PW--0000230 PW--0000125) (subclass PW--0000297 PW--0000168) (subclass PW--0000444 PW--0000436) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000287 "altered programmed cell death") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000316 "calcium/calmodulin dependent kinases pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000337 "selectin signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000386 PW--0000158) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000293 "altered pathway of protein folding, sorting, modification and degradation") (subclass PW--0000498 PW--0000103) (mo-definition PW--0000300 ""The congenital and acquired diseases affecting the kidney. " [PW:InHouse "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000010 "lipid metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000343 "altered Notch signaling pathway involving promoters") (mo-definition PW--0000188 ""The oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway." [Online :http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/pentose-phosphate-pathway.html "From a description of the entire pentose phosphate"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage Smo-inSubset "inSubset") (subclass PW--0000332 PW--0000003) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000093 "M/G1 transition") (subclass PW--0000179 PW--0000178) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000342 "altered Notch signaling pathway involving target gene(s)") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000185 "limonene and pinene degradation pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000017 "Huntington disease pathway") (subclass PW--0000303 PW--0000095) (subclass PW--0000352 PW--0000350) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000132 "metabolic pathway of other amino acids") (subclass PW--0000134 PW--0000217) (mo-synonym PW--0000007 ""MAPK signaling pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000026 "citrate cycle pathway") (subclass PW--0000165 PW--0000132) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000545 "altered transport pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000250 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan - a high-molecular-weight polymer that forms the tough, rigid structure of bacterial cell walls. It is made up of three parts: (1) a backbone, composed of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid; (2) a set of identical tetrapeptide side-chains attached to N-acetylmuramic acid; and (3) a set of identical peptide cross-bridges. The backbone is the same in all bacterial species; however, the tetrapeptide side-chains and the peptide cross-bridges vary from species to species." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's.."]") (subclass PW--0000470 PW--0000467) (subclass PW--0000133 PW--0000132) (mo-definition PW--0000073 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of lysine" [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000437 PW--0000407) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000105 "Rho/Rac/Cdc42 mediated signaling pathway") (documentation PW--0000152 EnglishLanguage "Based on Dorland's Medical dictionary") (mo-definition PW--0000409 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of dopamine that acts as a neurotransmitter and a neurohormone. Dopamine has multiple functions in the brain." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collectio of dictionaries - Wikipedia"]") (mo-definedNamespace "pathway") (subclass PW--0000479 PW--0000477) (mo-synonym PW--0000312 ""SAPK signaling pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000125 ""G-proteins act as signal transducer between effectors and receptors. Many types of signals are received by the members of a large superfamily of receptors that then activate distinct G-proteins which route the signal to many and distinct intracellular signaling pathways." [PubMed:Science, 2002, v296, p1636-39 "Review article"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000526 ""KKS system signaling pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000105 PW--0000006) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000262 "altered metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000353 "altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway involving proteins affecting its expression") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000489 "angiopoietin signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000104 ""The apoptotic pathway involving organelles, primarily the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondrion, involving the pro and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl family of proteins, cytochrome c, formation of the apoptosome and activation of caspases." [PubNed:PMID: 14744432 "Article in Cell"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000138 "Vitamin B6 metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000522 PW--0000147) (subclass PW--0000042 PW--0000005) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000161 "glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthetic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000165 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of taurine and hypotaurine." [InHouse:PW InHouse dictionary]") (mo-definition PW--0000362 ""The acute hypoxic response is mediated through the activity of excitable cells via oxygen-sensing ion channels. " [PubMed:PMID: 11181957 "Review article in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000376 "cytochrome P450-independent bioactivation pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000549 ""The nonstop mRNA decay pathway degrades mRNA that lacks a translation termination codon." [PubMed:PMID: 15933735]") (mo-synonym PW--0000495 ""Gas6-Axl signaling system" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000087 "G1 phase") (subclass PW--0000235 PW--0000023) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000387 "Arf family signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000180 PW--0000003) (subclass PW--0000471 PW--0000470) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000007 "mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000440 PW--0000446) (mo-definition PW--0000473 ""The role of the C-type signaling pathway is not well established. The receptor for the C-type natriuretic peptide, unlike the receptors for the other two types of peptides, is non-guanylyl cyclase receptor that appears to couple to adenylyl cyclase inhibition/phospholipase C activation via Gi family of G-protein. " [PubMed:PMID: 15911062 PMID: 15758553; PMID: 15246247; PMID: 15911072 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (mo-definition PW--0000199 ""A Wnt mediated pathway that is involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and motility." [PubMed:PMID:12573432, 10858654]") (subclass PW--0000484 PW--0000482) (subclass PW--0000253 PW--0000147) (subclass PW--0000525 PW--0000158) (mo-definition PW--0000234 ""The innate immune response - a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection - covers several areas of defense against pathogenic microbes where recognition relies on germline-encoded receptors." [PubMed:PMID: 11861602 "Review article in Annual Review of Immunology"]") (subclass PW--0000238 PW--0000467) (mo-definition PW--0000024 ""Inflammation is part of the innate immune system response to infection or injury. It triggers coagulation while inhibiting anticoagulation. The inflammatory and coagulation pathways are connected in a cross-talk. Impaired anticoagulation pathways affect this balanced dialog and lead to various conditions and infections." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries", PubMed:PMID: 15364056, PMID: 16281932, PMID: 16226680 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (mo-definition PW--0000099 ""Those pathways involved in the repair of damaged DNA." [PW InHouse:Cell, 2004, v. 117, p171-184. "Generalized definition based on an article on specific pathways for double-strand break repair."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage Smo-definedSubset "definedSubset") (subclass PW--0000544 PW--0000484) (subclass PW--0000484 PW--0000483) (subclass PW--0000187 PW--0000147) (subclass PW--0000086 PW--0000085) (subclass PW--0000260 PW--0000147) (subclass PW--0000020 PW--0000013) (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000497 PW--0000482) (mo-synonym PW--0000421 ""altered MAPK signaling pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000254 PW--0000147) (subclass PW--0000010 PW--0000002) (subclass PW--0000551 PW--0000290) (subclass PW--0000017 PW--0000171) (subclass PW--0000157 PW--0000146) (subclass PW--0000208 PW--0000176) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000322 "ephrin - ephrin receptor bidirectional signaling axis") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000404 "creatine metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000298 PW--0000168) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000277 "senescence pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000165 "taurine and hypotaurine metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000382 PW--0000380) (mo-definition PW--0000018 ""One of the most common neurodegenerative diseases that is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies in surrounding neurons. Several pathways are thought to be deregulated; for instance, imbalance of iron homeostasis is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of the condition." [PubMed:2004, v.101 (15), 5500-5505. "Definition compiled from an article in PNAS"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000213 "betaine biosynthetic pathway II") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000082 "D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000256 "polyketides biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000156 "prostaglandin metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000521 PW--0000107) (subclass PW--0000360 PW--0000356) (subclass PW--0000129 PW--0000099) (mo-synonym PW--0000498 ""selective cholesterol uptake pathway " []") (mo-definition PW--0000417 ""The pathway for the ATP-dependent non-lysosomal proteolysis catalyzed by the 26S proteasome and for which ubiquitylation, the post-translational covalent conjugation of ubiquitin, or ubiquitin-like, to target protens is a key signal." [PubMed:PMID: 10993052 "Review article in Pubmed"]") (subclass PW--0000319 PW--0000315) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000330 "Bone morphogenetic proteins signaling pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000029 ""fatty acid biosynthesis (path 2)" []") (subclass PW--0000389 PW--0000264) (subclass PW--0000022 PW--0000020) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000035 "ATP synthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000144 "ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway") (subclass PW--0000048 PW--0000399) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000308 "liquefactive necrosis pathway") (subclass PW--0000245 PW--0000467) (subclass PW--0000409 PW--0000443) (mo-synonym PW--0000474 ""secondary hemostasis" []") (mo-defaultNamespace "pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000005 "carbohydrate metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000519 PW--0000107) (mo-definition PW--0000085 ""Those pathways involved in and/or controlling the series of events allowing for DNA duplication and repair, genomic replication, RNA and protein biosynthesis." [InHouse:InHouse PW dictionary "Definitions compiled by the PW editorial team"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000446 "inhibitory neurotransmitter metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000174 PW--0000020) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000424 "altered surfactant homeostasis pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000465 ""Hormones are a class of molecules that are used as messengers between cells and serve as signal to the target cell. Vertebrate hormones belong to four classes: amine-derived. peptide hormones, steroid hormones and lipid and phospholipid hormones." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "online collection of dictionaries - wikipedia"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000543 "protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000186 "streptomycin biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000155 "phospholipid metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000074 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of lysine - an essential amino acid." [OneLook:www.onelook.comOnline collection of dictionaries ""]") (mo-definition PW--0000353 ""An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s, any activity change in the proteins that regulate VEGF expression. They include transcription factors such as the hypoxia-inducible factor and the many proteins impacting on the stability and/or activity of these factors. " [InHouse :InHouse PW dictionaryry "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (mo-definition PW--0000342 ""An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the target gene(s). They may include members of the HES and HERP families of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) reanscriptional repressors." [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial boardd."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000346 "CADASIL") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000508 "platelet aggregation pathway") (subclass PW--0000151 PW--0000005) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000037 "sulfur metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000073 PW--0000011) (mo-synonym PW--0000478 ""TFPI" []") (subclass PW--0000340 PW--0000324) (subclass PW--0000307 PW--0000279) (mo-definition PW--0000262 ""Those metabolic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases." [PW Dictionary:InHouse dictionary "Definition compiled from many sources."]") (subclass PW--0000011 PW--0000002) (mo-definition PW--0000054 ""Those metabolic reactions that are involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of tryptophan - a dietary essential amino acid and precursor of nicotinamide." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000224 PW--0000211) (subclass PW--0000346 PW--0000345) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000439 "aspartate metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000229 PW--0000527) (subclass PW--0000229 PW--0000125) (subclass PW--0000130 PW--0000099) (subclass PW--0000299 PW--0000020) (mo-definition PW--0000017 ""An inherited form of a neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyQ tract. It mostly affects the striatum and cortex, but extends to other regions later in its development. It manifests itself in movement disorders, psychiatric abnormalities, cognitive defects, and nanifold pathways are disrupted." [PubMed:2004, v.20 (3), 146-154. "Article in Trends in Genetics"]") (mo-definition PW--0000184 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of terpenoids. The terpenoids, sometimes referred to as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally occurring chemicals derived from five-carbon isoprene units assembled and modified in thousands of ways. Most are multicyclic structures which differ from one another not only in functional groups, but also in their basic carbon skeletons. Terpenoids of different sizes and composition are found in all classes of living things, and are the largest group of natural products. They play a role in traditional herbal remedies and are under investigation for antibacterial, antineoplastic and other pharmaceutical effects. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition PW--0000450 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of neurotensin." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000424 PW--0000423) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000049 "cysteine metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000099 "DNA repair pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000377 ""The mercapturic acid pathway of glutathione conjugates processing involves the sequential cleavage of glutamyl and glycine residues of glutathione followed by cysteine N-acetylation." [MCW book:QV 600 C335t 2001 "Casarett"]") (subclass PW--0000195 PW--0000157) (mo-definition PW--0000195 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin, Chondroitin is a mucopolysaccharide occurring in sulfated form in various animal tissues (as cartilage)." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection if dictionaries."]") (mo-synonym PW--0000274 ""Neurotransmission pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000361 "altered oxygen homeostasis pathway") (subclass PW--0000103 PW--0000004) (mo-definition PW--0000088 ""The series of events underlying the transition from G1 into S phase and under the control of Cyclin E - Cdk2 complexes." [reactome:www.reactome.org "Definition based on the information provided by Reactome"]") (mo-definition PW--0000010 ""The metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation, decomposition and synthesis of lipids in the tissues." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000200 PW--0000008) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000406 "metabolic pathway pertinent to the brain") (mo-definition PW--0000245 ""Angiotensin peptides Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV and Ang (1-7) generated from a single precursor protein - angiotensinogen - regulate an array of physiological and pathophysiological processes." [PubMed:PMID: 12676163; PMID: 12676165, 15638741 "Several review articles in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000195 "chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000366 "altered melanocortin system pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000081 "D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000277 PW--0000276) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000074 "lysine biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000418 PW--0000326) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000344 "cerebrovascular disease pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000071 "valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000157 "glycosaminoglycan metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000236 "tumor necrosis factor superfamily signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000370 PW--0000124) (subclass PW--0000369 PW--0000124) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000140 "pathway of folate cycle/metabolism") (mo-definition PW--0000075 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan and which are intimately related. Although the body can not manufacture phenylalanine on its own, phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine. Phenylalanine together with tryptophan governs the release of an intestinal hormone - cholecystokinin." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000364 PW--0000359) (subclass PW--0000355 PW--0000004) (subclass PW--0000144 PW--0000417) (subclass PW--0000032 PW--0000012) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000358 "altered homeostasis pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000184 "terpenoid biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000120 PW--0000107) (subclass PW--0000395 PW--0000394) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000248 "steroid biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000370 "the XRE-AhR mediated pathway of drug-metabolizing enzyme expression") (mo-synonym PW--0000382 ""MDR mediated pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000065 PW--0000005) (subclass PW--0000007 PW--0000003) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000542 "adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000248 PW--0000010) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000530 "Angiotensin III signaling pathway through the AT1 receptor") (mo-definition PW--0000408 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of acetylcholine - an ester of choline and acetic acid that acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Wikipedia"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000540 "obesity pathway") (subclass PW--0000536 PW--0000280) (mo-synonym PW--0000205 ""DRPLA" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000312 "stress-regulated MAPK signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000006 PW--0000003) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000220 "pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000178 PW--0000013) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000469 "lipid hormone signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000090 ""The series of events underlying the second 'gap' phase of the mitotic cell cycle - an interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis and during which protein synthesis occurs." [Reactome:www.reactome.org "Based on the information available at Reactome"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000196 "globoside metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000127 ""The series of events governing the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA)." [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial team"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000009 "programmed cell death pathway") (subclass PW--0000228 PW--0000527) (subclass PW--0000282 PW--0000107) (documentation EnglishLanguage "Represents the cyclic property. (Typedefs only)") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000058 "fatty acid metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000407 PW--0000406) (mo-definition PW--0000402 ""Those metabolic pathways of amino acids other than the common amino acids that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant metabolic pathways of other amino acids, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases." [InHouse :PW InHouse dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board"]") (mo-definition ""OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000133" [PW dictionary:InHouse dictionary "Decision of the PW editorial board"]") (mo-definition PW--0000387 ""Arf family mediated signaling pathways are involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking. " [PubMed:To be added]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000243 "vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000496 "exogenous pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000310 "fatty necrosis pathway") (subclass PW--0000062 PW--0000005) (subclass PW--0000475 PW--0000476) (mo-definition PW--0000113 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of atrazine - a herbicide used to kill weeds. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries."]") (subclass PW--0000290 PW--0000085) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000498 "reverse cholesterol transport pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000100 ""The series of events governing the processes whereby DNA is transcribed into RNA." [InHouse:In House PW dictionary "Definition provided by the PW editorial team"]") (mo-definition PW--0000173 ""An inherited form of neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyQ tract. Several types are grouped under SCA, types 1-3, 6, 7 and 17.Various pathways are disrupted and contribute to the manifestation of the condition." [PubMed:2004, v.20(3), 146-154. "From an article in Trends in genetics"]") (mo-definition PW--0000340 ""An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the main players. They include receptor(s), ligand(s), members of the CSL complex." [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board"]") (mo-definition PW--0000040 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of androgen - a general term for any male sex hormone - and estrogen - a general term for female sex hormones." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000164 PW--0000197) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000311 "fibrinoid necrosis pathway") (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000123 PW--0000274) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000492 "renin-angiotensin system signaling pathway") (documentation Smo-definedSubset EnglishLanguage "Subset defined for the ontology.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000120 "styrene degradation pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000284 ""Those metabolic pathways involving glycosaminoglycans that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant glycosaminoglycan pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." [PubMed:PMID: 15459677 "Review article on glycomics and drug development"]") (mo-definition PW--0000299 ""Myocardial infarction, commonly known as heart attack, is a serious, sudden heart condition characterized by varying degrees of chest pain, weakness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting, sometimes causing loss of consciousness. It occurs when parts of the heart muscle die because they are not supplied with enough blood." [OneLook:www.onelook.org "Online collection of dictionaries - Wikipedia"]") (subclass PW--0000251 PW--0000147) (mo-definition PW--0000185 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of limonene - an essential oil, a monocyclic terpene, found in the peel of oranges and lemons, amd pinene - a terpene found in turpentine and many essential oils, used as a solvent and in the manufacture of camphor, insecticides, and synthetic pine oil." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000414 PW--0000325) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000432 "protein modification pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000016 ""A late onset, mostly sporadic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. Various pathways are thought to be deregulated and contribute to the condition; among them calcium and/or zinc homeostasis, apoptosis, Cdk5 and calcineurin dependent processes, and in the case of the more rare, genetically inherited form of the disease, mutations in the cytosolic Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and the subsequent changes in the processes that involve SOD1." [InHouse:In House PW dictionary "Definition supplied by the PW editorial team"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000208 "diabetes type 2 pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000499 "Nuclear Factor Kappa B signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000042 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of galactose - an aldohexose epimeric with glucose at the 4 carbon. Galactose is a component of lactose and other oligosaccharides, cerebrosides and gangliosides, and of various glycolipids and glycoproteins. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Adapted from Dorland's Medical Dictionary"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000302 "glomerulonephritis") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000108 "caprolactam degradation pathway") (subclass PW--0000426 PW--0000535) (mo-definition PW--0000039 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of bile acid - any of the steroid carboxylic acids derived from cholesterol. Cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids are the he primary bile acids and are formed in the liver. Secondary bile acids - deoxycholic, lithocholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids - are formed from the primary bile acids through the action of intestinal bacteria, " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's."]") (subclass PW--0000190 PW--0000135) (subclass PW--0000284 PW--0000157) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000077 "beta-alanine metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000096 PW--0000094) (subclass PW--0000228 PW--0000528) (mo-definition PW--0000121 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of tetrachloroethene - (acetylene tetrachloride) used as solvent for fats, waxes, resins and intermediate in the synthesis of chlorinated hydrocarbons. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries."]") (documentation PW--0000104 EnglishLanguage "The reference was conpiled based on the information available in the cited article.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000503 "classical complement pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000003 "signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000511 "altered peptide and protein hormone signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000013 "disease pathway") (subclass PW--0000428 PW--0000429) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000374 "alternate pathways of glutathione conjugates processing") (mo-definition PW--0000147 ""Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of secondary metabolites - products of cellular metabolism that are not essential for normal growth, development or reproduction of the plant or organism. Many of the chemicals that plants or microorganisms produce are secondary metabolites, including antibiotics." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition PW--0000498 ""Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the pathway by which cholesterol from extrahepatic cells/tissue is transported to the liver for excretion. The pathway imay prevent the development of atherosclerosis by reducing the accumulation of cholesterol in the wall of arteries." [PubMed:PMID: 16258026 "review article"]") (subclass PW--0000102 PW--0000525) (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000090 PW--0000086) (termFormat EnglishLanguage "Metabolism of complex carbohydrates") (mo-definition PW--0000043 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of pyruvate - a salt, ester, or anionic form of pyruvic acid. In biochemistry, the term is used interchangeably with pyruvic acid, even though pyruvate technically refers to the negatively charged ion. Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, and in turn may be converted to lactate or acetyl CoA or to ethanol (as in yeasts)." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition ""OBSOLETE. Originally found at KEGG, the term has since been deleted." [PW dictionary:InHouse dictionary "Decision of the PW editorial board"]") (subclass PW--0000259 PW--0000147) (subclass PW--0000216 PW--0000211) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000110 "toluene and xylene degradation pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000021 "hypertension") (mo-definition PW--0000035 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - a molecule present in all living cells which serves as an energy source for many metabolic processes and is required for the synthesis of ribonucleic acid." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000354 PW--0000153) (subclass PW--0000159 PW--0000006) (mo-definition PW--0000197 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycosphinholipids - any sphingolipid in which the head group is a mono- or oligosaccharide unit. Examples include the cerebrosides, globosides and gangliosides." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000282 "benzoate degradation pathway") (subclass PW--0000316 PW--0000314) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000470 "natriuretic peptide signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000356 "oxygen homeostasis pathway") (subclass PW--0000480 PW--0000477) (subclass PW--0000455 PW--0000274) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000472 "brain natriuretic peptide signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000300 PW--0000013) (mo-definition PW--0000359 ""Those pathways of energy homeostasis that deviate from what their normal course should be. Obesity in particular has been associated with disturbances in the control of energy balance." [PubMed :PMID: 15703762 ,PMID: 11239410 "Review articles on obesity"]") (subclass PW--0000265 PW--0000019) (subclass PW--0000188 PW--0000045) (mo-definition PW--0000047 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycine, serine and threonine and which are intimately connected with serine being synthesized from glycine and threonine." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000541 PW--0000003) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000333 "cadherins signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000123 ""The pathway of synaptic vesicle endocytosis and neurotransmitter refill following exocytosis." [PubMed:PMID: 15217342 "Review article in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000168 "cytokine, chemokine, growth factor mediated signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000403 PW--0000011) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000479 "heparin-antithrombin pathway") (subclass PW--0000485 PW--0000460) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000187 "erythromycin biosynthetic pathway") (mo-autoGeneratedBy "DAG-Edit 1.418") (subclass PW--0000142 PW--0000135) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000372 "altered calcium homeostasis pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000417 "ubiquitin, ubiquitin-like/proteasome degradation pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000219 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of NAD - nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD is used extensively in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000354 PW--0000155) (subclass PW--0000290 PW--0000263) (mo-definition PW--0000398 ""Homocysteine metabolism is at the interesection of two pathways: the remethylation or the methionine cycle pathway and the transulfuration pathway. Hcy pathway also engages choline, folate, vitamin(s) metabolism and links to the metabolism of other amino acids and compounds." [MCW library book :Homocysteine in Health and Disease - edited by Ralph Carmel and Donald W Jacobsen "Cambridge University Press, 2001"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000492 ""RAS system signaling pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000246 PW--0000158) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000414 "protein degradation pathway via the 'core' 20S proteasome pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000061 ""Long term depression is a weakening of a synapse that lasts hours to days. It results from either strong synaptic stimulation (as in the cerebellum) or to weak synaptic stimulation (as in the hippocampus), and engages several cascades of events." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000436 PW--0000407) (termFormat EnglishLanguage part "part_pf") (mo-definition PW--0000460 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of arachidonic acid - a polyunsaturated fatty acid." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Wikipedia at OneLook"]") (mo-definition PW--0000336 ""Those cell-cell signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be." [PW dictionary:InHouse PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000495 "Gas6 - Axl signaling axis") (mo-definition PW--0000062 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of ascorbate and aldarate. Ascorbate is a derivative of ascorbic acid, or vitamin C." [OneLook:www,onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition PW--0000065 ""Those reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of butanoate - an ester or salt of n-Butyric acid. Various butanoates are used as ingredients in flavoring, perfumery." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Wikipedia - definition"]") (mo-definition PW--0000192 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of N-Glycans" [PW InHouse Dictionary:InHouse dictionary "PW InHouse dictionary"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000350 "altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000183 PW--0000325) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000529 "angiotensin (1-7) signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000497 "endogenous pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000130 "nucleotide excision repair pathway") (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000088 PW--0000086) (subclass PW--0000205 PW--0000171) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000481 "fibrinolytic cascade pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000091 "G2/M transition") (subclass PW--0000387 PW--0000006) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000388 "Reelin signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000456 "Inhibitory synaptic transmission pathway") (subclass PW--0000538 PW--0000535) (subclass PW--0000509 PW--0000465) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000055 "nucleotide sugar metabolic pathway") (documentation EnglishLanguage "The program used to generate the ontology.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000459 "apelin signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000089 ""The series of events underlying duplication of the hereditary material of the cell, formation of two copies of the chromosome." [Reactome:www.reactome.org "Based on the information available at Reactome."]") (subclass PW--0000391 PW--0000006) (subclass PW--0000530 PW--0000457) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000171 "disease pathways related to polyQ repeats") (subclass PW--0000321 PW--0000264) (subclass PW--0000428 PW--0000427) (mo-definition PW--0000392 ""A Ras mediated signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Ras mediated signaling pathways have been implicated in a number of human cancers and deregulation of Ras has been reported even in the absence of mutations. " [PubMed:PMID: 11027944]") (subclass PW--0000420 PW--0000313) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000173 "spinocerebellar ataxia") (subclass PW--0000402 PW--0000262) (subclass PW--0000313 PW--0000312) (mo-synonym PW--0000316 ""Ca/CaM dependent CaMKs pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000528 PW--0000244) (mo-synonym PW--0000313 ""JNK signaling pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000305 "altered carbohydrate metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000124 ""The detoxification pathway triggered by exposure to chemicals involves the phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes as well as the phase III transport systems." [PubhMed:15252150, "Review articel in PubMed"]") (subclass PW--0000298 PW--0000264) (subclass PW--0000491 PW--0000467) (subclass PW--0000291 PW--0000292) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000328 "fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway") (documentation PW--0000069 EnglishLanguage "The definition was compiled using the information from a number of biological/medical dictionaries available at OneLook") (subclass PW--0000450 PW--0000447) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000115 "benzoate degradation pathway via CoA ligation") (subclass PW--0000384 PW--0000096) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000461 "cyclooxygenase mediated pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism") (mo-definition PW--0000172 ""An inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyQ tract. Various pathways are disrupted and contribute to the manifestation of the condition." [PubMed:2004, v. 20(3), 146-154. "From an article in Trends in Genetics"]") (subclass PW--0000285 PW--0000524) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000174 "metabolic syndrome") (mo-definition PW--0000470 ""The natriuretic peptide family consists of three peptide hormones of diverse roles in cardiovascular as well as neuroendocrine and renal functions." [PubMed:PMID: 15911062 PMID: 15758553; PMID: 15246247; "Review articles in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000484 "altered lipoprotein metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000029 "fatty acid biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000367 PW--0000209) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000043 "pyruvate metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000255 ""Those pathways that confer to an organism resistance to the action of beta-lactams - a class of broad spectrum antibiotics that are structurally and pharmacologically related to penicillins and cephalosporins." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition PW--0000312 ""A group of MAPK signaling pathways that are responding to stress or injury." [PubMed :PMID: 10209154 ; PMID: 14570565 "Two review articles on MAPK"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000143 "insulin signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000380 PW--0000103) (mo-definition PW--0000224 ""Those metabolic reactions leading to the decomposition of N-acetylglucosamine - an acetylated amino sugar that is an important moiety of glycoproteins, N-acetylmannosamine - the acetylated derivative of mannnosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid - the most common form of sialic acid in mammals." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000137 "riboflavin metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000395 "altered dopamine signaling pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000297 ""PDGF signaling pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000335 ""Those TGF-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Alone or in combination with other pathways they underlie many types of cancer, renal conditions, pulmonary hypertension." [PW dictionary:InHouse PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000505 "alternative complement pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000461 ""The cyclooxygase pathway is one of the three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation." [PubMed:PMID: 15896353 "Review article"]") (mo-definition PW--0000341 ""An altered Notch signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the enzymes, macromolecules that act upon the main players. They include proteases, elements of the proteo- and glucosaminoglycan metabolic pathways, ubiquitin ligases, other proteins that modulate availability, sensitivity, endocytosis of ligands/receptors." [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board"]") (subclass PW--0000114 PW--0000282) (mo-definition PW--0000027 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glutamate - a salt, ester, or nonionic form of glutamic acid. Glutamate is also the major excitatory neurotransmitter." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000330 ""BMP signaling pathway - SMAD dependent" []") (subclass PW--0000492 PW--0000003) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000462 "lipoxygenase mediated pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism") (mo-definition PW--0000363 ""Leptin acts on two populations of hypothalamic neurons that express orexigenic (feeding inducing) and anorexigenic genes, respectively. Leptin reduces the expression of genes from the former and enhances the expression of genes from the latter neurons. Leptin mediated response acts via Jak-dependent activation of STAT. " [PubMed:PMID: 12079865, PMID: 11239410 . "Review article - Ann. N.Y. Acd. Sci."]") (subclass PW--0000424 PW--0000358) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000407 "neurotransmitter metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000073 "lysine degradation pathway") (subclass PW--0000429 PW--0000135) (subclass PW--0000029 PW--0000058) (mo-definition PW--0000249 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides - a complex of lipid and polysaccharide." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition PW--0000487 ""Antigen processing and presentation by MHC class II molecules involves peptides derived from exogenous proteins and from endogenous, lysosomal proteins." [XXPubMed:16181322 "Brief review on MHC mediated pathways"]") (mo-definition PW--0000285 ""Those metabolic pathways involving heparan sulfate (HS) that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant HS pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways may be involved in diseases. An example is the potential role of HS in Alzheimer's disease." [PubMed:PMID: 14530380 "Heparan sulfate interacts with BACE1 and affects the processing of amyloid precursor protein"]") (subclass PW--0000327 PW--0000269) (mo-definition PW--0000296 ""Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened). Many physiological and pathological conditions as well as many pathways could lead to a hypertrophic response. " [OneLook, PubMed:www.onelook.org, PMID: 15276462 "Online collection of dictionaries - Wikipedia, article"]") (subclass PW--0000511 PW--0000467) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000180 "mTOR signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000037 ""Those metabolic reactions involving sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur such as cysteine, methionine and glutathione." [PW InHouse dictionary:PW InHouse dictionary "Definition compiled from a number of sources by the PW editorial team."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000518 "Atherosclerosis pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000410 "serotonin metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000503 PW--0000502) (mo-definition PW--0000462 ""lipoxygenase pathway is one of three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation" [PubMed :PMID: 15896353 "Review article"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000211 "amines and polyamines metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000310 PW--0000279) (subclass PW--0000015 PW--0000014) (mo-definition PW--0000327 ""The pathways involved in the formation, reduction and isomerization of disulphide bonds in proteins. Disulphide bonds are essential for the stability of proteins that are secreted or are localized to organelles of the secretory pathway." [PubMed:PMID: 10754564 "Review article in Trends in Cell Biology"]") (mo-definition PW--0000101 ""The series of events governing the processes thereby mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain. Post-translational modifications often accompany the formation of the final, mature protein." [InHouse:InHouse PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial team"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000516 "Interleukin-6 signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000314 ""Those signaling pathways that are mediated through the binding of calmodulin - a multifunctional calcium transducer - to its target effectors." [PubMed:PMID: 10884684 , PMID: 14671000 "Review articles"]") (subclass PW--0000404 PW--0000132) (subclass PW--0000075 PW--0000011) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000040 "androgen and estrogen metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000292 "altered DNA repair pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000006 "small G proteins - the Ras superfamily signaling pathway") (documentation PW--0000061 EnglishLanguage "Adapted from Wikipedia at OneLook") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000045 "pentose phosphate pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000198 "p38 MAPK pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000134 "glutathione metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000205 "dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy disease pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000360 ""the chronic hypoxic response - the HIF-alpha pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000179 "tuberous sclerosis complex") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000519 "1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane degradation pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000192 "N-Glycans biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000070 "C21-Steroid hormone metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000264 ""Those signaling pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant signaling pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases." [PW Dictionary:InHouse Dictionary "Definition compiled from many sources."]") (mo-synonym PW--0000351 ""altered VEGF signaling pathway involving the main players" []") (subclass PW--0000487 PW--0000235) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000206 "transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000086 ""The series of events, collectively known as the cell cycle, that underlie the replication of the genome and the segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells." [reactomee:www.reactome.org "Reactome offers a number of pathways and related proteins"]") (mo-definition PW--0000003 ""The pathways where a signal - hormone, neurotransmitter, growth factor, peptide, any molecule - triggers one or multiple cascades of events. This involves a number of molecules, including receptors, proteins, ligands, messengers, any participating molecule. A signaling pathway may be upstream or downstream of other signaling pathways. Signaling pathways control a very broad spectrum of processes as well as pathways. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000324 "altered Notch signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000388 PW--0000059) (subclass PW--0000376 PW--0000124) (mo-definition PW--0000137 ""Those metabolic reactions involving riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2. It occurs in several products and is an essential nutrient for man. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000189 "folate mediated one-carbon metabolic pathway") (documentation PW--0000050 EnglishLanguage "Definition compiled based on the information on arginine and proline available at OneLook") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000106 "extrinsic death receptor pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000218 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of heme - an iron-containing compound where the iron is complexed within a porphyrin hetercyclic ring. There are several kinds of heme depending on the composition of their side chain. Heme serves as a prosthetic group for a number of proteins." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000466 "amine and amino acid-derived hormone signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000149 "alkaloid biosynthetic pathway II") (mo-definition PW--0000155 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of phospholipids - lipids containing phosphorus, including those with a glycerol backbone or a backbone of sphingosine or related substances. Phospholipids are the major form of lipid in the cell membrane." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (documentation EnglishLanguage "Version of data in the ontology.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000351 "altered vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway involving the main players") (mo-synonym PW--0000329 ""TGF-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathways" []") (mo-definition PW--0000160 ""Ran family mediated signaling pathways are involved in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. " [PubMed:to be added]") (mo-definition PW--0000143 ""Processes regulated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling systems include growth and survival of many tissues; for example, neuron and retina, bone, pancreatic beta-cells. Insulin is best known for its role in the regulation of blood glucose. Deregulation of the systems is implicated in a number of metabolic disorders." [PubMed:PMID: 12169433 "Review article"]") (subclass PW--0000377 PW--0000373) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000141 "retinol metabolic pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000416 ""SUMO modification pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000129 "base excision repair pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000458 "angiotensin IV signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000318 PW--0000264) (mo-definition ""The core intracellular signaling cascade mediated by the TGF-beta superfamily. SMAD proteins function by carrying signals from the cell surface to the nucleus. There are eight vertebrate SMAD proteins and they are activated by two types of TGF-beta receptors in response to TGF cytokines binding.There are two known SMAD-dependent TGF-beta signaling pathways. SMAP pathways can also be activated via NGF signalign pathways" [PubMed:Science, 2002, v296, p1564-7; PMID: 14534577.PMID: 15009204 "Articles in Science and Nature, Eur. J. Biochem"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000244 "Angiotensin II signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000081 PW--0000132) (subclass PW--0000033 PW--0000002) (mo-definition PW--0000414 ""The 'core' 20S proteasome degrades oxidized and/or unfolded proteins in an ATP and ubiquitin independent manner. The association with the 19S regulatory cap yields the 26S proteasome which has substrate selectivity and ATP and ubiquitin-dependent activity." [PubMed:PMID: 9212076; "Review articles"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000486 "major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000493 "corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000401 PW--0000398) (mo-definition PW--0000530 ""Angiotensin III, like angiotensin II, binds to the type 1 and 2 receptors and triggers downstream signaling pathways. In rats, angiotensin III signaling through the receptor type 1 (AT1) can modulate noradrenergic transmission via phospholipase C activation." [XX:PubMed 11100981,]") (subclass PW--0000101 PW--0000085) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000465 "hormone mediated signaling pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000102 "The extracellular signal-regulated RAF/MEK/ERK pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000260 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of puromycin - an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces alboniger, which has been used experimentally as an antineoplastic because of its ability to inhibit protein synthesis; it also has trypanosomicidal and amebicidal activity and was formerly used in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and amebic dysentery." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland'sn"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000206 ""TGF- beta signaling pathway - SMAD dependent" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000078 "cyanoamino acid metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000242 "bipolar disorder pathway") (subclass PW--0000221 PW--0000217) (subclass PW--0000515 PW--0000513) (subclass PW--0000464 PW--0000462) (subclass PW--0000100 PW--0000085) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000549 "nonstop mRNA decay pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000546 ""mRNA quality control pathways" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000194 "O-Glycans biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000444 "indoleamine and related compounds neurotransmitter metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000520 "2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000222 "UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000403 "altered amino acid metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000324 PW--0000336) (subclass PW--0000395 PW--0000389) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000027 "glutamate metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000258 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of tetracycline - any of a group of biosynthetic antibiotics. Some are isolated from certain species of Streptomyces and others are produced semisynthetically by catalytic hydrogenation of chlortetracycline or oxytetracycline. The group includes chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's Medical Dictionary"]") (mo-definition PW--0000301 ""Renal failure implies the loss of kidney function. It can be acute and rapidly progressing, or chronic with slow progression. Chronic renal failure may involve a number of kidney diseases and end-stage renal failure is the ultimate consequence." [Onelook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Wikipedia"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000067 "reductive carboxylate cycle - CO2 fixation pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000458 ""Angiotensin IV is derived from angiotensin III through the action of aminopeptidase N. The receptor for angiotensin IV has been shown to be the insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase. Studes suggest that angiotensin IV signaling activates a number of intracellular second messenger systems and plays a role in vascular remodeling and memory." [PubMed:PMID: 15549174 , PMID 12591177 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (subclass PW--0000040 PW--0000248) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000089 "S phase") (mo-definition PW--0000351 ""An altered VEGF signaling pathway due to mutation(s) in the main players. They include the various VEGF molecules and VEGF receptors." [InHouse:InHouse PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board"]") (subclass PW--0000504 PW--0000502) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000057 "carbon fixation pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000279 ""Necrosis represents the sum of the morphological changes indicative of cell death and caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes; it may affect groups of cells or part of a structure or an organ. There are many causes of necrosis including injury, infection, cancer, infarction, inflammation, others. There are several distinctive morphologic patterns of necrosis. " [Onelook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition PW--0000056 ""A chemical combination caused by the action of light; specifically the formation of carbohydrates (with release of molecular oxygen) from carbon dioxide and water in the chlorophyll tissue of plants and blue-green algae under the influence of light. In bacteria, photosynthesis employs hydrogen sulfide, molecular hydrogen, and other reduced compounds in place of water, so that molecular oxygen is not released. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's."]") (mo-synonym PW--0000169 ""NGF signaling pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000460 PW--0000058) (subclass PW--0000004 PW--0000001) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000031 "purine metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000257 "polyketide sugar biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000140 PW--0000398) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000023 "immune response pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000415 "proteasome degradation pathway involving cullin-dependent ubiquitin ligases") (subclass PW--0000016 PW--0000014) (subclass PW--0000003 PW--0000001) (subclass PW--0000403 PW--0000262) (documentation PW--0000049 EnglishLanguage "Reference compiled based on the information available at OneLook for cysteine.") (mo-definition PW--0000524 ""Those metabolic reactions invbolved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate. Heparan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan occurring in the cell membrane of most cells. It consists of repeating disaccharide units in specific linkage, each composed of a glucosamine residue linked to an uronic acid, either glucuronic acid or L-iduronic acid, which may be sulfated." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's"]") (mo-definition PW--0000311 ""Fibrinoid necrosis involves the deposition of fibrin and other plasma proteins in the walls of afferent renal arterioles in malignant hypertension, often accompanied by an inflammatory infiltrate within the walls and thrombosis of the vessel lumen. " [Onelook:www.onelook.com]") (mo-definition PW--0000291 ""Those pathways of double strand break repair that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant double strand repair pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases. " [PW:InHouse "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000024 PW--0000234) (mo-definition PW--0000316 ""Calcium/calmodulin dependent kinases - a family of multifunctional serine/threonine kinases - play important regulatory roles in cell proliferation." [PubMed:PMID: 14671000 "Review article on PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000203 "non-homologous end joining pathway of double-strand break repair") (subclass PW--0000335 PW--0000298) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000046 "inositol metabolic pathway") (documentation PW--0000086 EnglishLanguage "Adapted from O'Connell and Walwarth, Genome KnowledgeBase") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000491 "vasopressin signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000217 PW--0000002) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000389 "altered pathway pertinent to signaling in the brain") (subclass PW--0000293 PW--0000263) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000219 "NAD biosynthetic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000319 "altered calcineurin signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000238 ""Processes regulated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling systems include growth and survival of many tissues; for example, neuron and retina, bone, pancreatic beta-cells. Insulin is best known for its role in the regulation of blood glucose. Deregulation of the systems is implicated in a number of metabolic disorders." [PubMed:PMID: 12169433 "Review article"]") (subclass PW--0000546 PW--0000085) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000036 "nitrogen metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000544 PW--0000545) (subclass PW--0000432 PW--0000181) (subclass PW--0000232 PW--0000003) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000283 "altered glycan metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000547 "exosome mediated mRNA decay pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000473 "C-type natriuretic peptide signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000383 PW--0000380) (mo-synonym PW--0000236 ""TNF superfamily signaling pathways" []") (subclass PW--0000420 PW--0000422) (subclass PW--0000063 PW--0000005) (mo-definition PW--0000171 ""A family of neurodegenerative and other inherited diseases that are caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract (polyQ) in the associated disease proteins. The diseases are manifested as distinct neuropathies and multiple pathways are perturbed. " [PubMed:2004, v.20(3), 146-154 "Article in Trends in Genetics"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage "Sterol, vitamin K, vitamine E and cartenoids biosynthesis") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000207 "central obesity with hypertension") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000060 "long term potentiation") (mo-definition PW--0000236 ""Members of TNF superfamily mediate cell proliferation, survival or apoptosis through common signaling mechanisms that involve activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases. TNF superfamily has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases including tumorigenesis, septic shock, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory conditions." [PubMed:PMID: 14555214 "Review article"]") (subclass PW--0000489 PW--0000168) (subclass PW--0000348 PW--0000347) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000538 "nuclear protein import pathway") (subclass PW--0000476 PW--0000355) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000426 "protein sorting pathway") (subclass PW--0000366 PW--0000511) (subclass PW--0000501 PW--0000500) (subclass PW--0000143 PW--0000467) (subclass PW--0000104 PW--0000009) (subclass PW--0000167 PW--0000135) (mo-definition PW--0000091 ""The series of events underlying the transition from the G2 phase into mitosis." [Reactome:www.reactome.org "Based on the information provided at Reactome"]") (subclass PW--0000245 PW--0000492) (mo-synonym PW--0000026 ""TCA cycle" []") (subclass PW--0000220 PW--0000217) (subclass PW--0000055 PW--0000005) (mo-definition PW--0000098 ""Those pathways involved in the synthesis of DNA. " [General:PW board "General definition"]") (subclass PW--0000153 PW--0000010) (mo-definition PW--0000068 ""Those pathways involving methane - a colorless, odorless inflammable gas produced by decomposition of organic matter, which may explode when mixed with air or oxygen. Methane is the first member of a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons, including butane, ethane, hexane, pentane and propane. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000022 "cardiomyopathy") (mo-synonym PW--0000179 ""TSC" []") (mo-definition PW--0000358 ""Those homeostatic pathways that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant homeostatic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie many conditions, disorders and/or diseases. " [PW dictionary:PW InHouse dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (mo-definition PW--0000491 ""The peptide hormone vasopressin plays a central role in osmotic and cardiovascular homeostasis. " [PubMed:PMID: 14624682 "Review"]") (subclass PW--0000529 PW--0000245) (mo-definition PW--0000282 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of benzoate - a salt of benzoic acid or benzene carboxylic acid, a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative." [InHouse:PW dictionary "A compiled definition"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000175 ""FCHL" []") (subclass PW--0000156 PW--0000485) (mo-definition PW--0000093 ""The series of events underlying progression out of mitosis and division into two daughter cells. It requires the inactivation of cyclinB - cdc2 by the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis." [Reactome:www.reactome.org "Definition based on the information available at Reactome"]") (mo-definition PW--0000410 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of serotonin - an amine neurotransmitter that is believed to play importnat roles in a number of conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000099 PW--0000085) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000235 "adaptive immune response pathway") (subclass PW--0000373 PW--0000124) (subclass PW--0000456 PW--0000274) (mo-synonym PW--0000350 ""altered VEGF signaling pathways" []") (mo-definition PW--0000067 ""Those reactions involved in carbon dioxide fixation - the reductive carboxylate cycle (CO2 fixation) - the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide to organic carbon compounds, as in photosynthesis." [=OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's definition"]") (subclass PW--0000171 PW--0000014) (mo-definition PW--0000286 ""Integrins - a large family of transmembrane receptors, translate positional cues within the extracellular matrix into biochemical signals that couple to many downstream pathways. Alone or through synergy with growth factors, integrins regulate multiple processes including organogenesis, gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and death. " [PubMed:PMID: 15009204 , PMID: 14570568; 15276463 "Review articles , Nature reviews, Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol.; Cardiovascular Research"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000265 "Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease") (mo-definition PW--0000354 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation pf glycerophospholipids - amphipathic lipids with a glycerol backbone." [InHouse:PW InHouse dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (mo-definition PW--0000360 ""The chronic hypoxic response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor. It involves changes in the expression of genes that play important roles in angiogenesis and erythropoiesis. " [PubMed:PMID: 11181957 PMID: 12603312 , PMID: 14597660, PMID: 15031665 . "Review articles in PubMed."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000440 "glycine metabolic pathway") (documentation PW--0000028 EnglishLanguage "The definition was compiled based on the information on alanine and aspartate available at OneLook") (mo-definition PW--0000120 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of styrene - an aromatic hydrocarbon that is colorless and oily. It is used in the manufacture of rubber, resins, plastics. It is a toxic and irritant substance, possibly carcinogenic. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000435 "neddylation pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage "another killed term") (subclass PW--0000283 PW--0000146) (mo-definition PW--0000400 ""The transulfuration pathway is one of the two routes of homocysteine metabolism. It allows for the transfer of sulfur from methionine to cysteine. 70% of cysteine is then converted to glutathione and the remainder ends up as either taurine or pyruvate and sulfate." [MCW library book:Homocysteine in Health and Disease - edited by Ralph Carmel and Donald W Jacobsen "Cambridge University Press, 2001"]") (subclass PW--0000534 PW--0000533) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000147 "metabolic pathway of secondary metabolites") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000419 "water transport pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000375 "bioactivation pathway via cytochrome P450") (mo-definition PW--0000153 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of glycerolipids - acyl esters of glycerol. Glycerolipid is a trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is the backbone of many lipids and an important intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (documentation EnglishLanguage "A namespace defined for use in the ontology.") (subclass PW--0000462 PW--0000460) (mo-definition PW--0000177 ""A common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end stage renal diseases affecting a number of pathways, particularly the thiol and anti-oxidant pathways." [InPress:Manuscript "From an article in press - HMGC affiliated authors."]") (mo-synonym PW--0000472 ""BNP signaling pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000266 ""Gerstmann-Strussler syndrome, Gerstmann-Strussler-Scheinker syndrome - a group of rare prion diseases, of autosomal dominant inheritance but linked to different mutations of the prion protein gene. Common characteristics include cognitive and motor disturbances, the presence of multicentric amyloid plaques in the brain. Its manifestations include cerebellar ataxia and dementia, rigidity, tremor, memory loss and others, depending on the form of the condition." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - adapted from Dorland's."]") (subclass PW--0000131 PW--0000099) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000216 "spermine metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000241 PW--0000240) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000315 "calcineurin signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000292 ""Those pathways of DNA repair that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of DNA repair, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." [PW:InHouse "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (subclass PW--0000447 PW--0000407) (subclass PW--0000258 PW--0000147) (mo-definition PW--0000288 ""The intrinsic apoptotic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant intrinsic apoptotic pathway, alone or in combination with other pathways underlies various diseases. " [PW:InHouse "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (mo-definition PW--0000489 ""Angiopoietin signaling pathway is onvolved in the regulation of angiogenic remodelling. Recent studies suggest that the pathway may also be invfolved in lymphangiogenesis and possibly in the development of hematopoietic system." [PubMed:PMID: 16225862 "Review article on angiopoietin pathway in angiogenic remodelling and possibly in lymphangiogenesis"]") (mo-definition PW--0000191 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of keratan sulfate - a glycosaminoglycan found in the cornea, in cartilage, and in the nucleus pulposus and also as the accumulation product in Morquio's syndrome. It consists of repeating disaccharide units in specific linkage, each composed of a sulfated N-acetylglucosamine residue linked to one of galactose, which is usually sulfated. There are two forms, keratan sulfate I and keratan sulfate II, which differ in carbohydrate content and localization; the former occurs in the cornea and the latter in skeletal tissues. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries."]") (subclass PW--0000331 PW--0000329) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000334 "connexins signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000349 ""Alagille syndrome is a developmental disease characterized by defects in heart, as well as liver, skeleton and eye. Abnormalities of the central nervous system are also found. The disease is associated with mutations across the entire Jag1 gene." [PubMed:PMID: 14986825]") (subclass PW--0000218 PW--0000217) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000429 "altered metabolic pathway of cofactors and vitamins") (subclass PW--0000393 PW--0000180) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000434 "ubiquitination pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000362 "the acute hypoxic response - the ion channels pathway") (subclass PW--0000380 PW--0000124) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000199 "the Wnt/calcium signaling pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000314 ""Ca/CaM dependent signaling pathways" []") (subclass PW--0000483 PW--0000010) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000094 "cell cycle checkpoint pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000528 "Angiotensin II signaling pathway through the AT2 receptor") (subclass PW--0000448 PW--0000447) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000014 "neurodegenerative disease pathway") (subclass PW--0000111 PW--0000107) (subclass PW--0000237 PW--0000004) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000300 "renal disease, renal disorder pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000019 "prion diseases pathway") (subclass PW--0000225 PW--0000211) (subclass PW--0000315 PW--0000314) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000016 "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease pathway") (subclass PW--0000396 PW--0000211) (mo-definition PW--0000321 ""A Hedgehog signaling pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Hedgehog signaling pathway has been involved in a number of human cancers." [PubMed:PMID: 12495844, PMID: 15205520. "Articles on Hedgehog signaling and human diseases."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000451 "beta-endorphin metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000334 PW--0000332) (mo-definition PW--0000528 ""Angiotensin II signaling through the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2) is less well understood and rather controversial. It appears to counteract AT1 receptor function and promote apoptosis. Alternatively, it may complement the effects of AT1 receptor with deleterious consequences in cardiac paathologies. AT2 receptor appears to function in a G-protein dependent as well as independent manner." [PubMed : 10977869, 15158138, 16286568 , 12734384 "Articles on the pleiotropic AT1 receptor, all angiotensin receptors"]") (subclass PW--0000325 PW--0000181) (subclass PW--0000292 PW--0000290) (subclass PW--0000222 PW--0000211) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000204 "Notch signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000363 PW--0000467) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000384 "G2/M DNA damage checkpoint pathway") (subclass PW--0000291 PW--0000131) (mo-definition PW--0000182 ""A protein degradation pathway that involves proteases residing in lysosomes and exhibiting optimal activity at an acidic pH (e.g., cathepsins). " [PubMed:2003, v. 285, f1-f8. "American Journal of Physiology, Renal Physiology"]") (mo-definition PW--0000176 ""A broad condition with various manifestations that is associated with disruptions of several pathways, primarily those involving insulin signaling. High glucose-mediated oxidative stress on VEGF overexpression and VEGF-mediated signaling are thought to play a role in diabetic retinopathy" [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial team"]") (subclass PW--0000048 PW--0000011) (mo-definition PW--0000128 ""The series of events governing the synthesis of transport/transfer RNA (tRNA)." [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial team"]") (mo-synonym PW--0000473 ""CNP signaling pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000370 ""The XRE-AhR mediated pathway regulates the expression of phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes." [PubMed:PMID: 15627472 , PMID: 15451023 "Articles in PubMed"]") (mo-definition PW--0000472 ""brain natriuretic peptide signaling pathway appear to elicit cardiovascular, renal and endocrine functions similar to those elicited by the atrial natriueritc peptide." [PubMed:PMID: 15911062 PMID: 15758553; PMID: 1524624 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (mo-definition PW--0000200 ""The planar cell polarity (PCP) Wnt pathway regulates planar cell polarity and morphogenetic movements." [PubMed:PMID: 12573432 ""]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000122 "Hedgehog signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000212 PW--0000211) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000331 "activin signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000531 ""The role of angiotensin type 2 receptor is less well understood. In rats, angiotensin III can mediate natriuresis through the activation of receptor type 2." [PubMed: 16380540]") (subclass PW--0000294 PW--0000144) (mo-definition PW--0000005 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the oxidation, breakdown and synthesis of carbohydrates in the tissue. The breakdown can be utilized by the body for energy." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000227 PW--0000528) (subclass PW--0000250 PW--0000146) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000088 "G1/S transition") (mo-definition PW--0000304 ""The p53-independent pathway of CDKs inhibition." [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board based on the information at the Reactome."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000124 "cellular detoxification pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000048 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis (remethylation), utilization and/or degradation of methionine - an essential amino acid that can provide the methyl group and sulfur necessary for normal metabolism." [MCW library book:Homocysteine in Health and Disease "Cambridge Press, 2001"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000525 "Ras mediated signalign pathway") (subclass PW--0000278 PW--0000276) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000478 "tissue factor pathway inhibitor") (mo-savedBy "VPetri") (subclass PW--0000319 PW--0000318) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000183 "the proteolytic pathway involving calcium-dependent proteases") (subclass PW--0000500 PW--0000466) (mo-definition PW--0000369 ""The ARE-Nrf mediated pathway regulates the expression of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes." [PubMed:15252150 [ "Review article in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000367 "altered JAK-STAT signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000138 PW--0000135) (mo-definition PW--0000196 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of globoside - a glycosphingolipid containing acetylated amino sugars and simple hexoses of the general composition N-acetylgalactosamine-galactose-galactose-glucose-ceramide; it accumulates in tissues in Sandhoff's disease, but not in Tay-Sachs disease." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's."]") (mo-definition PW--0000122 ""The Hedgehog signaling pathway (Hh) plays important roles in vertebrate embryogenesis, particularly in the differentiation of the neural tube, in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Post-embryonically it is believed to play a homeostatic role in the maintenance of stem cells. Alteration of the pathway has been implicated in a number of human cancers." [PubMed:PMID: 15205520 , PMID: 15596107, PMID: 12495844 "Articles dealing with the Hedgehog signaling pathway"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000240 "neuropsychiatric disease pathway") (subclass PW--0000296 PW--0000022) (subclass PW--0000168 PW--0000003) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000170 "epidermal growth factor/neuregulin signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000293 ""Those pathways of protein folding, sorting and degradation that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of protein folding, sorting and degradation, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases. " [PW:InHouse "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000032 "pyrimidine metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000176 "diabetes pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000346 ""CADASIL - cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy - a disease of the small cerebral arteries characterized by subcortical stroke and vascular dementia. It is associated with mutations in the Notch3 gene. More than fifty mutations are clustered within the first EGF repeats and involve the gain or loss of a cysteine. " [PubMed:PMID: 14667809; PMID: 14986825]") (mo-definition PW--0000138 ""Those reactions involving vitamin B6 - a water-soluble vitamin that exists in several forms. Vitamin B6 is required for many enzymatic reactions and participates in many metabolic processes. A number of organisms can carry out de novo synthesis of vitamin B6; humans derive it from diet." [OneLook, NIH :www.onelook.com and linkss "Wikipedia and links to NIH Office of Dietary Supplements"]") (subclass PW--0000013 PW--0000001) (subclass PW--0000226 PW--0000211) (subclass PW--0000305 PW--0000005) (subclass PW--0000002 PW--0000001) (subclass PW--0000385 PW--0000096) (subclass PW--0000204 PW--0000332) (mo-definition PW--0000261 ""The unique morphology of the neuron defies the classical organization of secretory pathways. The neuronal secretory pathway represents the intracellular trafficking route for proteins involved in synaptic transmission and plasticity as well as for lipids necessary for outgrowth and remodeling of the somatodendritic compartment. Neurons possess both somatic and dendritic Golgi compartments." [PubMed:PMID: 15232591 "Review article"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage "killed term") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000377 "glutathione conjugates processing - the mercapturic acid pathway") (mo-synonym PW--0000499 ""NF-kappaB signaling pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000424 ""A surfactant homeostatic pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Mutations in surfactant proteins and in ABCA3 - a member of the ABC transporters have been implicated in the altered pathway and associated with conditions such as Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in newborns and lung diseases in infants." [PubMed:15985750 "Review article in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000101 "translation pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000388 ""Reelin signaling pathway regulates neuronal positioning and may also play a role in synaptic plasticity. The reelin gene appears to be downregulated in the schizophrenic brains but the link between the reelin pathway and the disease remains to be established." [PubMed:PMID: 14993361; PMID: 12764038;PMID: 14715136 "Articles on Reelin"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000152 "aminosugars metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000177 PW--0000300) (mo-definition PW--0000375 ""The major pathway of xenobiotic activation to produce reactive intermediates." [Book: QV 600 C335t 2001 "of drug-metabolizing enzyme expression"]") (mo-definition PW--0000187 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of erythromycin - an intermediate spectrum macrolide (a chemical compound characterized by a large lactone ring containing multiple keto and hydroxyl groups) antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus, effective against most gram-positive and certain gram-negative bacteria, such as Neisseria species and Haemophilus influenzae, and against spirochetes, some rickettsias, and Entamoeba; it is also highly effective against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It is used especially in patients allergic to penicillin and in those with penicillin-resistant infections and legionnaires' disease; administered orally or topically. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000169 "nerve growth factor signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000421 PW--0000007) (mo-synonym PW--0000550 ""SMD pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000262 PW--0000002) (subclass PW--0000041 PW--0000005) (subclass PW--0000323 PW--0000336) (mo-definition PW--0000305 ""Those pathways of carbohydrate metabolism that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant carbohydrate metabolic pathways, alone or in combination with other pathways, underlie various diseases." [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (mo-definition PW--0000161 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor." [InHouse:InHouse PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board"]") (subclass PW--0000135 PW--0000002) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000531 "Angiotensin III signaling pathway through the AT2 receptor") (mo-definition PW--0000139 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or H. Biotin assists various metabolic reactions and processes." [OneLook:www.onelook.com> "Online collection of dictionaries, Wikipediaa"]") (subclass PW--0000526 PW--0000003) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000258 "tetracycline biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000343 PW--0000324) (subclass PW--0000280 PW--0000426) (subclass PW--0000128 PW--0000100) (subclass PW--0000112 PW--0000107) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000339 "altered connexins mediated signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000046 PW--0000005) (mo-definition PW--0000201 ""The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. It can converge with the cadherin pathway through beta-catenin, a distal component of Wnt pathway that also interacts with cadherins. " [PubMed:PMID: 12573432 ""]") (mo-synonym PW--0000547 ""exosome mediated mRNA degradation pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000394 "dopamine signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000439 PW--0000445) (subclass PW--0000363 PW--0000357) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000454 "cholesterol biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000047 PW--0000011) (subclass PW--0000543 PW--0000541) (termFormat EnglishLanguage "SMAD dependent signaling pathways") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000304 "p53-independent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint pathway") (subclass PW--0000109 PW--0000107) (subclass PW--0000537 PW--0000280) (subclass PW--0000285 PW--0000284) (subclass PW--0000350 PW--0000243) (mo-synonym PW--0000455 ""Excitatory neurotransmission pathway" []") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000303 "p53-dependent G1/S DNA damage checkpoint pathway") (subclass PW--0000147 PW--0000002) (subclass PW--0000116 PW--0000107) (mo-synonym PW--0000381 ""MRP mediated pathway" []") (subclass PW--0000229 PW--0000494) (subclass PW--0000095 PW--0000094) (mo-synonym PW--0000456 ""Inhibitory neurotransmismission pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000194 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of O-Glycans" [PW InHouse dictionary:PW]") (subclass PW--0000035 PW--0000033) (mo-definition PW--0000374 ""Pathways of glutathione conjugates processing other than the mercapturic acid pathway" [InHouse dictionary:PW InHouse dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board based on a number of articles"]") (subclass PW--0000175 PW--0000174) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000166 "nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000226 "putrescine metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000458 PW--0000245) (mo-synonym PW--0000243 ""VEGF signaling pathways" []") (mo-definition PW--0000463 ""cytochrome P450 monooxygenase pathway is one the three major routes of arachidonic acid oxygenation." [PubMed:PMID: 15896353 "Review article"]") (subclass PW--0000347 PW--0000020) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000309 "caseous necrosis pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000336 "altered cell-cell signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000269 ""Those reactions and molecular interactions involving chaperones and folding enzymes necessary for the proper folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. It also includes quality control and ER-associated degradation of misfolded proteins." [MCW e-journals:Current Opinions in Cell Biology "Review article in v16 (4), p343-349."]") (subclass PW--0000465 PW--0000003) (mo-definition PW--0000433 ""Conjugation of proteins with ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules proceeds via a similar cascade-like, enzyme-driven mechanism but of diverse functionality. " [PubMed:PMID: 10806345 "Review article in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000450 "neurotensin metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000096 "G2/M checkpoint pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000295 "altered integrin signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000381 PW--0000380) (mo-synonym PW--0000318 ""altered Ca/CaM dependent pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000290 ""Those pathways of replication, gene expression and protein biosynthesis that deviate from what their normal course should be. Aberrant pathways of replication, gene expression and protein biosynthesis, alone or in combination with other pathways underlie various diseases." [PW:Inhouse4 "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000338 "altered cadherins mediated signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000181 PW--0000004) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000182 "lysosomes based pathway of protein degradation") (subclass PW--0000257 PW--0000147) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000268 "kuru") (mo-definition PW--0000033 ""Those metabolic reactions whose role is to release or to provide energy." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000309 PW--0000279) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000471 "atrial natriuretic peptide signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000119 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of nitrobenzene - an organic compound that occurs either as yellow crystals or yellow liquid used in the manufacture of aniline. It is a poisonous derivative of benzene. " [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries."]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000004 "regulatory pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000308 ""Liquefactive necrosis is associated with cellular destruction and pus formation (e.g. pneumonia)." [onelook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000453 "sterol biosynthetic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000226 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of putrescine - chemical name: tetra-methylene-diamine. A polyamine first found in decaying animal tissues but now known to occur in almost all tissues and in cultures of certain bacteria.." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Dorland's Medical Dictionary"]") (subclass PW--0000406 PW--0000002) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000119 "nitrobenzene degradation pathway") (subclass PW--0000201 PW--0000008) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000151 "starch and sucrose metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000227 PW--0000491) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000380 "transport pathway for the elimination of drugs, endogenous or exogenous compounds and metabolites") (subclass PW--0000252 PW--0000147) (termFormat EnglishLanguage "term zero") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000421 "altered mitogen activated protein kinase pathway") (subclass PW--0000506 PW--0000467) (subclass PW--0000077 PW--0000132) (mo-definition PW--0000547 ""The nuclear exosome pathway degrades erronous mRNA as well as normal mRNA that has accumulated in the nucleus." [PubMed:PMID: 15933735]") (subclass PW--0000140 PW--0000135) (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000060 PW--0000455) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000175 "familial combined hyperlipidemia") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000069 "ketone bodies metabolic pathway") (mo-formatVersion "1.0") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000271 "postsynaptic differentiation") (mo-definition PW--0000142 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of ubiqunone, also known as coenzyme Q. Ubiquinone is a member of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and plays important roles in cellular metabolism." [Onelook, PubMed:PMID: 14757233 "Dorland/s and a review article in PubMed"]") (mo-definition PW--0000246 ""The Rheb family of proteins plays an essential role in the regulation of cell growth and cell cycle. Rheb could be a mediator of the mTOR signaling pathway. The results have been shown for Drosophila but remained to be established for mammals." [PubMed:PMID: 15240005 "Review article on Rheb"]") (subclass PW--0000012 PW--0000002) (mo-definition PW--0000323 ""An Eph/ephrin bidirectional axis that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant Eph/ephrins axis has been implicated in a number of human cancers. " [PubMed:PMID: 15561600 "A survey article A survey article on the role of eph-ephrin axis in cancerer"]") (mo-definition PW--0000133 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of selenoamino acid - an amino acid in which a selenium atom replaces a sulfur atom. " [Technical glossary:http://morelife.org/glossary/ "Online technical glossary"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000452 "substance P metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000372 PW--0000358) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000214 "polyamine biosynthetic pathway I") (subclass PW--0000446 PW--0000437) (mo-synonym PW--0000199 ""the Wnt/Ca(II) pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000307 ""Coagulative necrosis is typically seen in hypoxic environments. Cell outlines remain after cell death and can be observed by light microscopy (e.g. myocardial infarction, infarct of the spleen)." [Onelook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition PW--0000186 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis of streptomycin - the first of the aminoglycoside antibiotics to be isolated, derived from Streptomyces griseus; it is effective against a wide variety of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and some gram-positive bacteria, including mycobacteria. Its use is now limited because of the emergence of resistant strains." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000330 PW--0000329) (mo-definition PW--0000114 ""The aerobic pathway of benzoate degradation." [Online :Appl. Env. Microbiology, 2004, v.70(9), p4861-70. "Article found online"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000507 "estrogen signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000350 ""A VEGF mediated pathway that deviates from what its normal course should be. Aberrant VEGF mediated pathways have been implicated in a number of human cancers. Upregulation of VEGF expression is associated with cancer and tumor growth." [PubMed:PMID: 15563310 "Review article"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000261 "neuronal secretory pathway") (subclass PW--0000421 PW--0000264) (subclass PW--0000211 PW--0000002) (subclass PW--0000328 PW--0000168) (mo-definition PW--0000275 ""All pathways that are involved in cell death. " [PW:InHouse "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board."]") (subclass PW--0000435 PW--0000433) (subclass PW--0000531 PW--0000457) (subclass PW--0000335 PW--0000329) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000393 "altered mTOR signaling pathway") (subclass PW--0000413 PW--0000217) (mo-synonym PW--0000441 ""adrenaline metabolism" []") (subclass PW--0000228 PW--0000494) (subclass PW--0000229 PW--0000491) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000476 "cardiovascular system homeostasis pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000332 "cell-cell signaling pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000178 ""Neurological disorders are a group of disorders that involve the central nervous system (brain, brainstem and cerebellum), the peripheral nervous system (including cranial nerves), and the autonomic nervous system (parts of which are located in both central and peripheral nervous system). Major branches are headache, stupor and coma, dementia, seizure, sleep disorders, trauma, infections, neoplasms, neuro-ophthalmology, movement disorders, demyelinating diseases, spinal cord disorders, and disorders of peripheral nerves, muscle and neuromuscular junctions. Many mental illnesses are believed to be neurological disorders of the central nervous system, but they are classified separately. They are not traditionally listed as neurological diseases because their causes are not definitely determined as biological, although there are good reasons to suspect that bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have neuro-chemical causes." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Wikipedia"]") (subclass PW--0000302 PW--0000300) (subclass PW--0000451 PW--0000447) (mo-definition PW--0000181 ""The pathways thereby proteins fold or are maintained in a particular folding state, are modified to be sorted for translocation to particular cellular localizations or sorted for degradation and finally, are degraded." [PW InHouse dictionary:In House PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial board"]") (mo-definition ""A very close relative of Ras, Rap1 mediated pathway appears to control diverse processes such as modulation of growth and differentiation, secretion, integrin linked cell adhesion, morphogenesis." [PubMed:Nature Reviews, Mol. Cell Biology, 2001, v2, p369-77. "Review article"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000536 "constitutive secretory pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000109 "biphenyl degradation pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000515 "Interleukin-10 signaling pathway") (documentation EnglishLanguage "Default namespace for the ontology.") (subclass PW--0000117 PW--0000107) (subclass PW--0000512 PW--0000168) (subclass PW--0000107 PW--0000002) (mo-definition PW--0000092 ""The series of events underlying mitosis (M-phase), in turn comprised of several phases, involving nuclear division and cytokinesis and resulting in the formation of two daughter cells." [Reactome:www.reactome.org "Based on the information available at Reactome"]") (subclass PW--0000119 PW--0000107) (subclass PW--0000323 PW--0000322) (subclass PW--0000036 PW--0000033) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000537 "regulated secretory pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000232 ""Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway controls various processes such as cell survival and proliferation, many aspects of angiogenesis. Its deregulation plays important roles in tumor progression and human cancer." [PubMed:15143962 , 15023437, 14737178 "Several review articles in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000148 "alkaloid biosynthetic pathway I") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000215 "polyamine biosynthetic pathway II") (subclass PW--0000459 PW--0000003) (subclass PW--0000132 PW--0000002) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000042 "galactose metabolic pathway") (subclass PW--0000415 PW--0000144) (subclass PW--0000410 PW--0000444) (subclass PW--0000094 PW--0000085) (mo-definition PW--0000471 ""Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone pathway plays important roles in the regulation of body fluid volume and blood pressure. " [PubMed:PMID: 15911062 PMID: 15758553; PMID: 15246247 "Review articles in PubMed"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000212 "betaine biosynthetic pathway I") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000249 "lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000521 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane - a moderately reactive alkylating compound. compound." [KEGG:http://umbbd.msi.umn.edu/dce/dce_map.html "Adapted from the link at KEGG"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000413 "heme catabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000110 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the degradation of toluene and xylene. Toluene is used as organic solvent in rubber, paint, cement. Xylene represents any of three benzene derivatives used as solvent in printing, rubber, also as a cleaning agent. " [Onelook:www.onelook.com "Onelook collection of dictionaries."]") (mo-synonym PW--0000170 ""EGF/neuregulin signaling pathway" []") (mo-definition PW--0000015 ""A mostly sporadic, late-onset condition affecting the central nervous system, is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia. It is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and fibril tangles. Possible pathways affected range from protein misfolding and aggregation, to oxidative stress and impaired metal homeostasis." [InHouse:InHouse PW dictionary "Definition provided by the PW editorial team"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000072 "valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000445 PW--0000437) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000348 "congenital heart defects") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000464 "leukotriene metabolic pathway") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000327 "protein disulphide bond pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000449 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of enkephalins." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (owl-someValuesFrom PW--0000093 PW--0000086) (subclass PW--0000398 PW--0000132) (mo-synonym PW--0000493 ""CRH" []") (subclass PW--0000243 PW--0000168) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000522 "flavonoid biosynthetic pathway") (subclass PW--0000540 PW--0000013) (subclass PW--0000271 PW--0000261) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000416 "sentrinization pathway") (subclass PW--0000344 PW--0000013) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000368 "Non-STAT, JAK dependent pathway") (documentation Smo-Subset EnglishLanguage "Subset of OBO terms from the ontology.") (subclass PW--0000362 PW--0000356) (mo-definition PW--0000542 ""AMPK senses changes in cellular energy as ATP:ADP ratio. ADP binding allosterically activates AMPK; subsequent phosphorylation events and regulation of downstream targets lead to activation/repression of energy pathways." [PubMed:PMID: 16885148; PMID: 15509864]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000550 "Staufen-mediated mRNA decay pathway") (subclass PW--0000209 PW--0000003) (subclass PW--0000085 PW--0000004) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000111 "gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane degradation pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000071 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the degradation of valine, leucine and isoleucine - the three, dietary essential, branched amino acids." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (subclass PW--0000189 PW--0000140) (subclass PW--0000483 PW--0000262) (subclass PW--0000379 PW--0000237) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000438 "alanine metabolic pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000330 ""The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are related to TGF-beta and activins and are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. The BMP signaling pathway plays important roles in induction and patterning of the mesoderm. BMP pathway cross-talks to other pathways such as TGF-beta, Wnt, MAPK, Notch, JAK-STAT, others." [PubMed:PMID: 15368350 "Review article in J Cell Biochem"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000135 "metabolic pathway of cofactors and vitamins") (mo-definition PW--0000268 ""Kuru - an infectious form of prion disease with a long incubation period, found only among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea. It is thought to be associated with ritual cannibalism. Its manifestations include truncal and limb ataxia, tremor, others; ends invariably in death. Amyloid plaques are present in about two thirds of affected individuals." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - adapted from Dorland's."]") (mo-definition ""OBSOLETE. Duplicated term. Use PW:0000027." [PW dictionary:InHouse dictionary "Decision of the PW editorial board."]") (subclass PW--0000289 PW--0000275) (mo-xrefUnknown PW--0000085 "XX: """) (mo-definition PW--0000055 ""Those metabolic reactions involved in the synthesis, utilization and/or degradation of nucleotide sugars" [InHouse:PW dictionary "Definition compiled by the PW editorial team"]") (subclass PW--0000317 PW--0000315) (subclass PW--0000014 PW--0000013) (mo-definition PW--0000244 ""Angiotensin II signaling pathways play a critical role in the control of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. Angiotensin II pathway can also contribute to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart failure." [PubMed:PMID: 15638741, PMID: 15883759 "Review article"]") (subclass PW--0000412 PW--0000446) (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000363 "leptin system pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000522 ""Those enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids - a class of plant secondary metabolites generally known for their antioxidant activity." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collections of dictionaries - wikipedia"]") (subclass PW--0000197 PW--0000010) (mo-definition PW--0000004 ""The pathways that control the processes by which a cell or organism develops, adjusts, behaves, responds to conditions or changes in these conditions, or in any manner helps promote and maintain its efficient functioning." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries"]") (mo-definition PW--0000242 ""As categorized by the DSM-IV, bipolar disorder is a form of mood disorder characterized by a variation of mood between a phase of manic or hypomanic elation, hyperactivity and hyper imagination, and a depressive phase of inhibition, slowness to conceive ideas and move, and anxiety or sadness. Together these form what is commonly known as manic depression. Manic depression, with its two principal sub-types, bipolar disorder and major depression, was first clinically described near the end of the 19th century by psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, who published his account of the disease in his Textbook of Psychiatry. DSM-IV is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, is the handbook used most often in diagnosing mental disorders in the United States and other countries." [OneLook:www.onelook.com "Online collection of dictionaries - Wikipedia"]") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PW--0000307 "coagulative necrosis pathway") (mo-definition PW--0000072 ""Those metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine - the three, dietary essential, branched amino acids." [OneLook: